What is MAUP example?
MAUP affects results when point-based measures of spatial phenomena are aggregated into districts, for example, population density or illness rates. The resulting summary values (e.g., totals, rates, proportions, densities) are influenced by both the shape and scale of the aggregation unit.
Why is MAUP a problem?
MAUP is essentially a problem related to the scale of analysis. Some argued there may exist an optimum scale, a scale level of areal units most “appropriate” for an issue, and a spatial analysis should be conducted at such a scale (Anderton et al., 1994).
How is gerrymandering an example of MAUP?
The basic issue with the MAUP is that aggregate units of analysis are often arbitrarily produced by whom ever is in charge of creating the aggregate units. A classic example of this problem is known as Gerrymandering.
What is the significance of Maup?
The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a source of statistical bias that can significantly impact the results of statistical hypothesis tests. MAUP affects results when point-based measures of spatial phenomena are aggregated into districts, for example, population density or illness rates.
What is ecological fallacy in GIS?
An ecological fallacy, often called an ecological inference fallacy, is an error in the interpretation of statistical data in an ecological study, whereby inferences about the nature of specific individuals are based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which those individuals belong.
What is aggregate data analysis?
Aggregate data refers to numerical or non-numerical information that is (1) collected from multiple sources and/or on multiple measures, variables, or individuals and (2) compiled into data summaries or summary reports, typically for the purposes of public reporting or statistical analysis—i.e., examining trends.
What is an example of Tobler’s first law?
Tobler’s First Law of Geography is based on cost distance or distance decay. This means there is a greater hindrance to two places farther apart. For example, people are less likely to travel greater distance to visit a store as shown in Huff’s Gravity Model.
What is Waldo Tobler’s First Law of Geography?
Tobler’s First Law of Geography. [geography] A formulation of the concept of spatial autocorrelation by the geographer Waldo Tobler (1930-), which states Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.
How can ecological fallacies be prevented?
To prevent ecological fallacy, researchers with no individual data can model first what is occurring at the individual level, then model how the individual and group levels are related, and finally examine whether anything occurring at the group level adds to the understanding of the relationship.
How do you avoid ecological fallacy in GIS?
Using the smallest groupings available of the variable being mapped is a way to minimize variation in the area and prevent readers from adopting fallacious interpretations based on a map. This specific method of addressing ecological fallacy is described by the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP).
What is aggregation example?
Aggregation is a term which is used to refer one way relationship between two objects. For example, Student class can have reference of Address class but vice versa does not make sense. In other words, class A has-a relationship with class B, if class A has a reference to an instance of class B.
What is the modifiable areal unit problem ( MAUP )?
The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a statistical biasing effect when samples in a given area are used to represent information such as density in a given area. The area defined by an analyst is often arbitrary, thus measurement such as density could be deceptive because that density measure could have widely different results based on
Can a MAUP be cured by reducing area units?
Although the MAUP cannot be completely cured by doing this reduction in area units, it may reduce the potential errors of spatial pattern distortion (as shown in the example in Figure 2 ). Another way is to create districts that are based on the spatial patterns in the data, such that they are homogeneous within each district.
Where can you find the issue of MAUP?
The issue of MAUP is evident in fields such as health spatial statistics, where aggregating disease or other health issues are commonly done in order to determine spatial factors that relate to given disease.
How is MAUP used in a sensitivity analysis?
MAUP sensitivity analysis. A method of MAUP sensitivity analysis is presented that demonstrates that the MAUP is not entirely a problem. MAUP can be used as an analytical tool to help understand spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation .