What is AMPK and what does it do?
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a phylogenetically conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is present in all mammalian cells. When activated AMPK stimulates energy generating processes such as glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation and decreases energy consuming processes such as protein and lipid synthesis.
What does CaMKK2 do?
Cell expression of CaMKK2 is limited, yet CaMKK2 is involved in regulating many important physiological and pathophysiological processes, including energy balance, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and cancer.
Where is CaMKK2 located?
hypothalamus
In the hypothalamus, CaMKK2 is involved in centrally mediating energy homeostasis by forming a signaling complex with AMPKα/β and Ca2+/CaM.
What does AMPK pathway do?
AMPK is a highly conserved sensor of intracellular adenosine nucleotide levels that is activated when even modest decreases in ATP production result in relative increases in AMP or ADP. AMPK promotes catabolic pathways to generate more ATP, and inhibits anabolic pathways.
What is AMPK good for?
Cells activate AMPK when they are running low on energy, and AMPK is activated in tissues throughout the body following exercise or during calorie restriction. In response, AMPK alters the activity of many other genes and proteins, helping keep cells alive and functioning even when they’re running low on fuel.
Does AMPK stimulate lipolysis?
To summarize, AMPK is activated in conditions of increased lipolysis such as exercise and fasting. This activation inhibits fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and could limit lipolysis. Activation of AMPK would then be a feedback mechanism limiting the cellular energy drain associated with lipolysis in adipocytes.
What inhibits AMPK?
AMPK is also allosterically inhibited by physiological concentrations of phosphocreatine (Ponticos et al., 1998), consistent with the proposed physiological role of the kinase as a sensor of cellular energy status.
What do troponin and calmodulin have in common?
Troponin proteins help to regulate the contractions of the heart and skeletal muscles. Troponin C is similar to calmodulin both in amino acid sequence and in three-dimensional structure. Similar to calmodulin, troponin C has calcium-binding sites.
Is calmodulin a kinase?
CAMK, also written as CaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes….CAMK.
| Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS no. | 97350-82-8 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
What is the AMPK pathway?
How is CaMKK2 inactivated by cAMP-PKA signaling?
CaMKK2 is inactivated by cAMP-PKA signaling and 14-3-3 adaptor proteins. Protein kinase A negatively regulates VEGF-induced AMPK activation by phosphorylating CaMKK2 at serine 495. Functional analysis of an R311C variant of Ca (2+) -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2) found as a de novo mutation in a patient with bipolar disorder.
How is camkkbeta related to AMP activated protein kinase?
CaMKKbeta is involved in AMP-activated protein kinase activation by baicalin in LKB1 deficient cell lines. amino acid starvation regulates autophagy in part through an increase in cellular Ca (2+) that activates a CaMKK-beta-AMPK pathway and inhibits mTORC1, which results in ULK1 stimulation
What is the role of CaMKK2 in skeletal disease?
CaMKK2 Signaling in Metabolism and Skeletal Disease: a New Axis with Therapeutic Potential. suppressive effect of M3 muscarinic receptor activation on hepatocyte steatosis which is mediated via CAMKKbeta/AMPK pathway.
Where does CaMKK2 calcium / calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 belong?
CAMKK2 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [ (human)] Summary. The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily.