What are the steps in synoptic planning?
Synoptic planning has roughly four classical elements: (1) goal setting; (2) identification of policy alternatives; (3) evaluation of means against ends: and, implementation of the preferred alternative.
What is the difference between synoptic planning and incremental planning?
Transactive and incremental planning are based on dialogue and bargaining among plural interests, although without an explicit treatment of power. Synoptic planning largely ignores or avoids issues of conflict by re- ferring to a unitary concept of the public interest.
What are the types of planning models?
Models of strategic planning process
- 1 – Basic strategic planning process model.
- 2 – Issue-based strategic planning model.
- 3 – Alignment strategic model.
- 4 – Scenario strategic planning.
- 5 – Organic strategic planning model.
What is Transactive planning theory?
Transactive planning is one alternative to comprehensive rational planning. The transactive planning model is based on communicative rationality. This type of rationality is based on human communication and dialogue between planners and the people affected by planning (Kinyashi 2006; Larsen 2003).
What is sitar in planning theory?
SITAR Model of Planning Theories A review of the elements of five well-known planning theories: synoptic (rational comprehensive), incremental, transactive, advocacy and radical planning.
What is a synoptic planning?
The synoptic approach is defined as a conscious, comprehensive, rational planning effort in which top executives formulate the organization’s goals, oversee their implementation, and measure their progress while at the same time making adjustments to the goals as changes in environmental and organizational conditions …
What is synoptic planning theory?
What is the basic planning model?
Step 1 – Create your mission statement or mantra – 2-3 words that illustrate why your organization exists. Step 2 – Outline the goals that must be achieved in order for your enterprise to achieve the stated mission. Step 3 – Identify specific actions or strategies that must be implemented to achieve each goal.
What are the three models of planning?
Planning models can be classed in three ways: first, fully-constrained planning models; second, partially-constrained planning models; and third, threshold- constrained planning models. Initially, these names convey little of the purpose for which they are intended.
What is synoptic planning?
What is Blueprint planning theory?
Blueprint planning means that one prepares detailed plans for all that one intends to do before implementing any of the work. Implementers will know exactly what they are to do, in which sequence and at what cost until the scheme is completed.
What are the four elements of synoptic planning?
Lane (2005) describes synoptic planning as having four central elements: ” (1) an enhanced emphasis on the specification of goals and targets; (2) an emphasis on quantitative analysis and predication of the environment; (3) a concern to identify and evaluate alternative policy options; and (4) the evaluation of means against ends (page 289).”.
Is the GPRA an example of the synoptic approach?
Embedded in the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) is one model of strategic planning–the synoptic approach–and the assumption that the synoptic model of strategic planning fits all situations and bureaus no matter what their context or situation.
Which is the most widely accepted model of planning?
Blueprint and synoptic planning both employ what is called the rational paradigm of planning. The rational model is perhaps the most widely accepted model among planning practitioners and scholars and is considered by many to be the orthodox view of planning.
What does participatory planning mean in urban planning?
Participatory planning is an urban planning paradigm that emphasizes involving the entire community in the strategic and management processes of urban planning; or, community-level planning processes, urban or rural. It is often considered as part of community development.