How is nitric acid prepared by oxidation of ammonia?
When ammonia reacts with oxygen in presence of platinum catalyst it forms nitrogen oxide. In the second step, the nitrogen oxide gas converts into nitrogen dioxide, and this nitrogen dioxide gas reacts with water to form nitric acid.
What is used for production of nitric acid and ammonia?
At present, the commercial nitric acid is produced through the oxidation of ammonia, which is called Ostwald process. And the ammonia is synthesized through the conventional Haber-Bosch method. Both of these industrial process are energy-inefficient and discharge large amount of greenhouse gas.
What is produced when ammonia is oxidised?
During ammonia oxidation, ammonia is oxidised to hydroxylamine by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), a membrane-bound enzyme that belongs to a superfamily of ammonia, methane and alkane monooxygenases.
How is ammonia manufactured by Haber’s process?
In the Haber process for manufacturing of ammonia, nitrogen combines with air to form ammonia. The reaction is a reversible reaction and is exothermic in nature. As it is an exothermic reaction, high temperature is required.
How is nitric acid prepared by Ostwalds process?
The Ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. In step 1, ammonia is oxidized to form nitric oxide and also nitrogen dioxide. Then in step 2, the nitrogen dioxide that was formed is absorbed in water. This in-turn forms nitric acid.
What is produced when ammonia reacts with nitric acid?
When nitric acid reacts with ammonia, ammonium nitrate is formed.
How ammonia is produced?
A typical modern ammonia-producing plant first converts natural gas, liquified petroleum gas, or petroleum naphtha into gaseous hydrogen. The method for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons is known as steam reforming. The hydrogen is then combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process.
What are the product formed when ammonia is oxidized with copper oxide?
Copper, water and nitrogen are formed when ammonia is oxidized with copper oxide.
Which promoter is used in Haber’s process?
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is used as a promotor in Haber’s process.
How does Haber process increase yield of ammonia?
Due to the Haber process being a reversible reaction, the yield of ammonia can be changed by changing the pressure or temperature of the reaction.
- Increasing the pressure of the reaction increases the yield of ammonia.
- Increasing the temperature of the reaction actually decreases the yield of ammonia in the reaction.
How is nitric acid produced in the United States?
Nearly all the nitric acid produced in the U. S. is manufactured by the high-temperature catalytic oxidation of ammonia as shown schematically in Figure 8.8-1. This process typically consists of 3 steps: (1) ammonia oxidation, (2) nitric oxide oxidation, and (3) absorption.
How is ammonia oxidised to make nitric acid?
Either free nitrogen and oxygen from the air could be combined, or ammonia, then readily available from the gas industry, could be oxidised to give nitric acid. As it seemed more simple to re-combine nitrogen which was already fixed than to fix free nitrogen, Ostwald decided to give his attention to the oxidation of ammonia.
How is nitric acid produced in the Ostwald process?
The nitric acid is produced by a series of oxidation steps starting from oxidation of ammonia. The other raw materials are water and a source of oxygen, commonly air is used. There are three primary chemical reaction steps in the Ostwald Process: Catalytic oxidation of ammonia to yield nitrogen monoxide.
What kind of catalyst is used to make nitric acid?
Today the great chemical firm that he founded is among the leaders in the large-scale production of nitric acid by the oxidation of ammonia over a platinum gauze catalyst.