What is the meaning of cross-resistance?
Definition of cross-resistance : tolerance (as of a bacterium) to a usually toxic substance (such as an antibiotic) that is acquired not as a result of direct exposure but by exposure to a related substance.
What is cross-resistance give 2 examples?
Cross-resistance can result from the situation where the first drug induces expression of one of the ABC transporters, and where this particular ABC transporter pumps the first drug out of the tumor cell, and also pumps a second drug out of the tumor cell, for example, a second drug administered at some later time in a …
What do you mean by cross antibiotic resistance?
Cross-resistance refers to the situation where treating a patient with a first drug confers changes in the physiology of the tumor that reduce the efficacy of a second, unrelated drug that may be administered at a later time (100).
What is the difference between multidrug resistance and cross-resistance?
Multidrug-Resistant Microbes and Cross Resistance MDRs are colloquially known as “superbugs” and carry one or more resistance mechanism(s), making them resistant to multiple antimicrobials. In cross-resistance, a single resistance mechanism confers resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs.
What is positive cross-resistance?
Cross-resistance can be positive, when a resistance mechanism against one natural enemy also offers resistance to another; or negative, in the form of a trade-off, when an increase in resistance against one natural enemy results in a decrease in resistance against another.
What is the difference between multidrug resistance and cross resistance?
What is positive cross resistance?
What is bacterial cross resistance?
“Cross-resistant” bacteria are those that have developed survival methods that are effective against different types of antimicrobial molecules with similar mechanism(s) of action.
What is difference between MDR and XDR?
MDR was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, XDR was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimi- crobial categories (i.e. bacterial isolates remain susceptible to only one or two categories) and PDR was defined as …
What is MDR and XDR?
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a strain of TB that cannot be treated with the two most powerful first-line treatment anti-TB drugs. Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a form of TB caused by bacteria that are resistant to several of the most effective anti-TB drugs.
What is negative cross-resistance?
Negative cross-resistance refers to a situation in which an insect population that is tolerant (resistant, virulent) to one insecticide is hyper-sensitive (avirulent) to a second insecticide and insects hyper-sensitive to the first compound are tolerant to the second.
Which is the best definition of cross resistance?
Cross-resistance refers to the situation where treating a patient with a first drug confers changes in the physiology of the tumor that reduce the efficacy of a second, unrelated drug that may be administered at a later time (100 ).
Which is the best definition of the word resistance?
– Definition from WhatIs.com Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current . It is represented by the uppercase letter R. The standard unit of resistance is the ohm, sometimes written out as a word, and sometimes symbolized by the uppercase Greek letter omega:
How are drugs assigned to the same class subject to cross resistance?
As we have seen above, drugs assigned to a same class are chemically related, have thus the same target of action in the cell, and are therefore subject to cross-resistance: bacteria that are resistant to one member of the class are generally resistant to the other members.
How does cross resistance occur in a virus?
Cross-resistance to both agents occurs as the result of single amino acid substitutions in the transmembrane portion of the M2 protein.9 The resistant virus appears to retain wild-type pathogenicity and causes an influenza illness indistinguishable from susceptible strains.