What is the device used to control the flow of coolant in the engine?
Once at optimum temperature, the thermostat controls the flow of engine coolant to the radiator so that the engine continues to operate at optimum temperature.
How does a thermal management system work in a car?
These methods often involve running the A/C system in heat pump mode for sufficient heating of the cabin. In some advanced concepts, the traditional liquid coolant-based thermal management is supplemented with the refrigerant-based cooling system, which can make the thermal management system more complex.
What are the properties of a coolant fluid?
Ideally, the coolant fluid is an inexpensive and nontoxic liquid with exceptional thermophysical properties and a long operating life. Each coolant option offers different properties, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal stability, but their usage will ultimately depend on their reliability and economics.
How does the external thermal control system work?
The External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS), activated for the first time on this mission, consists of ammonia loops to collect heat from the Interface Heat Exchangers and external electronic equipment mounted on coldplates and transports it to the S1 and P1 radiators where it is rejected to space.
What is the C value of a coolant?
The C value is the empirically determined correlation where the Rayleigh number occupies a position in a positive numerator position in the correlation, while the Prandtl number tends to occupy an inverse position in the denominator; thus, both have positive contributions to the heat transfer.
How does thermal runaway occur in a cooling system?
In the first, the thermal resistance of the cooling system is fixed, and ambient (or more generally, thermal ground) is increased until runaway occurs. In the second, thermal ground is fixed, and the thermal resistance of the cooling system is increased, again until runaway occurs.
How are liquid coolants used in an electronics system?
The heat source in the electronics system is attached to the heat exchanger. Liquid coolants are also used in two-phase systems, such as heat pipes, thermo-siphons, sub-cooled boiling, spray cooling, and direct immersion systems [2, 4]. There are many requirements for a liquid coolant for electronics applications.
How are device drivers involved in thermal management?
To participate in global thermal management, a device driver implements a GUID_THERMAL_COOLING_INTERFACE driver interface. During system startup, a system-supplied driver, Acpi.sys, queries the device drivers in the system to determine which of them support this interface.
What is an early external thermal control system?
Instead, a modified version of the Photovoltaic Thermal Control System (PVTCS) called the Early External Active Thermal Control System (EEATCS) acts as a temporary thermal system. The EEATCS consists of two independent, simultaneously operating ammonia cooling loops (ACL).