What is t-bet in immunology?
T-bet is an essential regulator of effector differentiation and function in multiple different immune lineages, including CD4, CD8, NKT, ILC (including NK) and B cells. Inflammatory cytokines induce T-bet expression in a graded manner, which in turn regulates distinct differentiation outcomes.
What does Tbet do?
T-bet (Tbx21) is an immune cell transcription factor originally described as the master regulator of Th1 cell development, although is now recognized to have a role in both the adaptive and innate immune systems. T-bet also directs T-cell homing to pro-inflammatory sites by the regulation of CXCR3 expression.
Which cells express t-bet?
T-bet, a T-box transcription factor, is expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes committed to Th1 T-cell development and may participate in immunoglobulin class switching in B lymphocytes.
What are CD4 t cells?
CD4 cells, also known as T cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system. A CD4 count is used to check the health of the immune system in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The test can also check to see how well HIV medicines are working.
What does T bet mean?
T-box expressed in T cells
T-box transcription factor TBX21, also called T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX21 gene.
What secretes il12?
IL-12 is predominantly produced by dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, and to a lesser extent by B-cells. IL-12 is widely accepted as an important regulator of Th1 responses. It also promotes the expansion and survival of activated T-cells and NK cells and modulates the cytotoxic activity of CTLs and NK cells.
What do CD4 T cells become?
Antigen presentation stimulates naïve CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to respectively become mature “cytotoxic” CD8+ cells and “helper” CD4+ cells.
What does Interleukin 18 indicate?
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that has been reported to be associated with multiple components of metabolic syndrome and to predict the development of type 2 diabetes (7,8).
What induces IL-12?
The production of IL-12 is induced by microbial signals such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG bacterial DNA motifs (9,10), by activated T cell signals mediated by CD40–CD40 ligand (CD40L) (11), and further regulated by cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (12,13) …
What is the role of T bet in the immune system?
Originally described over a decade ago as a T cell transcription factor regulating T helper 1 cell lineage commitment, T-bet is now recognized as having an important role in many cells of the adaptive and innate immune system.
Where is T-bet expressed in the cell?
T-bet, a T-box transcription factor, is expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes committed to Th1 T-cell development and may participate in immunoglobulin class switching in B lymphocytes.
How is T bet induced in Th2 cells?
The transcription factor T-bet is induced by multiple pathways and prevents an endogenous Th2 cell program during Th1 cell responses. Immunity 37, 660–673 (2012). This is the first description of T-bet-specific reporter mice that can be used to address important questions about the regulation of T-bet expression during T H 1 cell differentiation.
How does T-bet block differentiation of T H cells?
T-bet blocks the differentiation of other CD4 + T H cell subsets either by inhibiting the expression of T H cell lineage-specifying transcription factors in T H precursor cells or by interfering with their transcriptional activity.