What is a translocation in biology?
A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other. Translocations may lead to medical problems such as leukemia, breast cancer, schizophrenia, muscular dystrophy, and Down syndrome.
What are duplications in chromosomes?
The term “duplication” simply means that a part of a chromosome is duplicated, or present in 2 copies. This results in having extra genetic material, even though the total number of chromosomes is usually normal.
What is translocation short answer?
Answer: Translocation is a biological mechanism involving the transfer of water and other soluble nutrients from one part of the plant to another through the xylem and phloem, which occurs in all plants.
What is translocation in biology class 10?
Translocation is the process by which plants deliver minerals, plant growth hormones, water, and organic substance over long distances throughout the plants (from leaves to other parts).
What causes chromosomal duplications?
Duplications typically arise from an event termed unequal crossing-over (recombination) that occurs between misaligned homologous chromosomes during meiosis (germ cell formation). The chance of this event happening is a function of the degree of sharing of repetitive elements between two chromosomes.
What causes gene duplications?
Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication and repair machinery as well as through fortuitous capture by selfish genetic elements. Common sources of gene duplications include ectopic recombination, retrotransposition event, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and replication slippage.
What is deletion DNA?
Deletion. A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene. Small deletions remove one or a few nucleotides within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes. The deleted DNA may alter the function of the affected protein or proteins.
What happens if a baby is missing DNA?
There may be too many or too few chromosomes, or part of a chromosome may be missing. These changes can cause chromosomal conditions in a baby. One of the most common chromosomal conditions is Down syndrome (when there are three copies of chromosome 21).
What is mutation in biology examples?
A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors such as UV light and cigarette smoke.