What are signs and symptoms of levodopa toxicity?
Symptoms of overdose may include: severe dizziness, irregular heartbeat, mental/mood changes (such as agitation).
Does levodopa cause hyponatremia?
Levodopa (L-dopa) is the most effective antiparkinsonian agent and is well tolerated at all stages of the disease. However, both motor and nonmotor adverse events are reported with the use of L-dopa. Electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia and hiccups with L-dopa/carbidopa are very rare.
How does levodopa cause dystonia?
Occasionally dystonia can also happen at ‘peak-dose’, when your levodopa is at its most effective. It is caused by having too much dopamine in the brain, which can overstimulate the muscles.
Can Parkinson’s disease cause hyponatremia?
4 The clinical symptoms associated with hyponatremia may mimic some progression of parkinsonism in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. We report a patient with Parkinson’s disease who developed transient worsening of parkinsonian symptoms and SIADH related to treatment with pramipexole.
How is medication induced hyponatremia treated?
Demeclocycline (Declomycin) in a dosage of 600 to 1,200 mg daily is effective in patients with refractory hyponatremia. Loop diuretics can be used in patients with volume overload. Arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists may be useful in patients with chronic hyponatremia.
Can hydroxyurea causing hyponatremia?
Hydroxyurea, an orally active agent used mainly in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, also has been implicated as a possible cause of hyponatremia secondary to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
What is Dopa-Responsive Dystonia?
Description. Collapse Section. Dopa-responsive dystonia is a disorder that involves involuntary muscle contractions, tremors, and other uncontrolled movements (dystonia). The features of this condition range from mild to severe.
Why does L dopa cause dyskinesia?
A growing body of evidence indicates that levodopa-induced dyskinesia is caused by conflicting, uneven regulatory changes in the basal ganglia circuitry, resulting from both dopamine depletion and drug treatment.
Can hydralazine cause hyponatremia?
Metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated serum uric acid levels are also relatively common.
Which is the best description of dopa responsive dystonia?
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) describes a group of neurometabolic disorders characterized by dystonia that typically shows diurnal fluctuations, that responds excellently to levodopa (L-dopa) and that is comprised of autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5a), autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5b) and dopa responsive
How is levodopa used to treat childhood dystonia?
If DRD is suspected, a therapeutic trial with low doses of levodopa remains the most practical approach to the diagnosis. It is generally agreed that people with childhood-onset dystonia of unknown cause should be treated initially with levodopa.
What are the signs and symptoms of dystonia?
Depending on the specific type of DRD, specific symptoms can vary. Features can range from mild to severe. In most cases, dystonia begins in the lower limbs and spreads to the upper limbs over time. Symptoms may include unusual limb positioning; a lack of coordination when walking or running; sleep problems; and episodes of depression.
How to treat autosomal dominant dystonia of unknown cause?
It is generally agreed that people with childhood-onset dystonia of unknown cause should be treated initially with levodopa. The characteristic symptoms and response to treatment are sufficient to establish the diagnosis for people with the most common form, autosomal dominant DRD.