What is Transependymal flow of CSF?
Transependymal flow can simply be defined as a motion of fluids/molecules across the ependymal layer of cells that surrounds the ventricles and consequently penetration of this liquor into the brain parenchyma and adjacent structures.
What can cause non communicating hydrocephalus?
The most common form of noncommunicating hydrocephalus is obstructive and is caused by intraventricular or extraventricular mass-occupying lesions that disrupt the ventricular anatomy. See the images below. Noncommunicating obstructive hydrocephalus caused by obstruction of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie.
What is periventricular lucency?
Periventricular lucency (PVL) refers to the decreased attenuation level, or “blurring,” around the periventricular area on CT, or T2 hyperintensity on MRI. PVL and enlarged ventricles are typical radiological signs of acute or noncommunicating hydrocephalus.
What does hydrocephalus look like on MRI?
CT/MRI criteria for acute hydrocephalus include the following: Size of both temporal horns is greater than 2 mm, clearly visible. In the absence of hydrocephalus, the temporal horns should be barely visible.
What is Transependymal seepage?
Transependymal edema, also known as interstitial cerebral edema or periventricular lucency (PVL), is a type of cerebral edema that occurs with increased pressure within the cerebral ventricles. FLAIR is the most sensitive MRI sequence for detection.
How do you get a spinal fluid leak?
A CSF leak results from a hole or tear in the dura, the outermost layer of the meninges. Causes of the hole or tear can include head injury and brain or sinus surgery. CSF leaks may also occur after lumbar puncture, also called a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia. Spontaneous CSF leaks can also occur for no known reason.
What is mild communicating hydrocephalus?
Communicating hydrocephalus (non-obstructive hydrocephalus) is caused by inadequate reabsorption of CSF. The excessive accumulation of CSF results in an abnormal enlargement of the spaces in the brain called ventricles. This causes potentially harmful pressure on the tissues of the brain.
Does communicating hydrocephalus go away?
It does not go away on its own and needs special treatment. Hydrocephalus is due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cavities deep within the brain.
What is a lucency?
Lucency meaning (medicine) A pale area revealed in radiography, computed tomography, or similar examination technique.
What is periventricular region?
Heterotopia means “out of place.” In normal brain development, neurons form in the periventricular region, located around fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) near the center of the brain. The neurons then migrate outward to form the exterior of the brain (cerebral cortex ) in six onion-like layers.
Does a CT show hydrocephalus?
CT scans and MRI scans are often used in combination to confirm a diagnosis of hydrocephalus present from birth (congenital) and hydrocephalus that develops later in children and adults (acquired). These scan the brain in detail.
What happens if hydrocephalus is left untreated?
Left untreated, hydrocephalus can cause severe disability, even death. Hydrocephalus occurs when excessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain. The name originated from the Greek words ‘hydro’ for water and ‘cephalus’ for head. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made up of water, minerals, nutrients and sugar.