What is overland flow time?
Overland flow travel time is divided into sheet flow travel time and shallow concentrated flow travel time. The overland flow is occurring after completion of infiltration or saturation process, it is generally assumed to be turbulent even though it mostly representing laminar characteristics (Grismer, 2016).
What is the kinematic wave equation?
This equation is a kinematic-wave approximation of the equations of motion. The program represents the overland flow element as a wide rectangular channel of unit width; α=1.486S1/2/N and m=5/3….Channel-flow model.
| Circular Section | α=0.804nS12D16m=5/4 |
|---|---|
| Trapezoidal Section | Q=1.49nS12A53(1W+2Y√1+Z2)23 |
Do kinematic waves attenuate?
In summary, kinematic waves travel with the Seddon celerity and, in general, they are not subject to attenuation.
What is dynamic wave routing?
“Dynamic Wave routing solves the complete one-dimensional Saint Venant flow equations and therefore produces the most theoretically accurate results. Dynamic wave routing can account for channel storage, backwater, entrance/exit losses, flow reversal, and pressurized flow.
How do you calculate overland flow length?
The average length of overland flow was determined by dividing the watershed area by twice the total length of all waterways.
How do you calculate overland flow?
If the catchment area is symmetrically distributed around the drainage network, an approximate value for the overland flow length can be found by dividing the area by twice the length of the drainage channel.
What is the kinematic approximation?
The kinematic-wave model is one of a number of approximations of the dynamic-wave model. In the kinematic-wave approximation, a number of the terms in the equation of motion are assumed to be insignificant. The equation of motion is replaced by an equation describing uniform flow.
What is meant by fluid kinematics?
Fluid kinematics is a term from fluid mechanics, usually referring to a mere mathematical description or specification of a flow field, divorced from any account of the forces and conditions that might actually create such a flow.
What is Celerity in hydrology?
Celerity is the speed at which a signal (a wave) is transmitted through a medium. Velocity of particles determines flows (fluxes) out of a control volume.
What is flow routing?
Flow routing is a network routing technology that takes variations in the flow of data into account to increase routing efficiency. A flow router evaluates traffic flows in real time — based on an ID, route, time of receipt and rate of flow — to keep streaming traffic moving as quickly as possible.
How are kinematic waves used in overland flow?
Using Kinematic wave theory, develop an analytical solution for the hydrograph at the downstream end of the overland flow plane for a rainfall of volume d , constatnt intensity i and duration tr , for tr = 0; that is, obtain an analytical solution using Kinematic waves for a rainfall impulse of volume d .
How is the kinematic wave equation used in civilweb?
The CivilWeb Rainfall & Runoff Calculator package includes the kinematic wave equation as a method of calculating the time of concentration as it is commonly used for large developed areas where the overland sheet flow is an important component of the time of concentration.
How is the kinematic wave model used in watersheds?
The kinematic wave overland flow model represents behavior of overland flow on the plane surfaces. The model may also be used to simulate behavior of flow in the watershed channels. Figure 27.Simple watershed with kinematic-wave model representation._
How to calculate the energy gradient of a kinematic wave?
The energy gradient can be estimated with Manning’s equation (Equation 40), which can be written as: where Q = flow, R = hydraulic radius, A = cross-sectional area, and N = a resistance factor that depends on the cover of the planes (note that this is not Manning’s n).