What causes pigmentation on retina?
What causes RP? RP is an inherited disorder that results from harmful changes in any one of more than 50 genes. These genes carry the instructions for making proteins that are needed in cells within the retina, called photoreceptors.
What can cause retinal toxicity?
Retinal damage is one of most common ailments of the eyes. The most common causes of retina damage are those related to old age, light damage or trauma. Retinal disorders can damage this vital tissue. They can affect your vision, and some can be serious enough to cause blindness.
At what age does retinitis pigmentosa occur?
RP is typically diagnosed in young adulthood, but the age of onset may range from early childhood to the mid 30s to 50s. Photoreceptor degeneration has been detected as early as age of six years even in patients who remain asymptomatic until young adulthood.
Does retinitis pigmentosa always lead to blindness?
Although the disease worsens over time, most patients retain at least partial vision, and complete blindness is rare. There is currently no known cure or effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa, but there are some possible ways to manage the condition.
What does Metamorphopsia mean?
Metamorphopsia was defined as the deviation of either vertical or horizontal lines, reported by the patient, and consisted of the first visual disturbance sometimes preceding clinical appearance of maculopathy [6,7].
Which drug causes retinal pigmentation?
Most commonly recognized drugs-induced retinopathy have a particular affinity for the retinal pigmented epithelium: antimalarials (quinine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine), phenothiazines, indomethacin, ethambutol, and desferrioxamine.
Which drug causes retinal damage?
Retinal toxicity has been shown in patients taking greater than 3 mg/kg/day of chloroquine or 6.5 mg/kg/day of hydroxychloroquine. While most cases of toxicity have been reported for chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine has supplanted it as the more commonly used treatment agent for both RA and SLE.
Who is prone to retinitis pigmentosa?
In autosomal dominant RP, the disease is present in males or females only when a single copy of the gene is defective. Typically, one of the parents is affected by the disease. The chance is one in two of any given offspring being affected by the disease, if the affected parent has one normal and one defective gene.
How does epitheliopathy affect the retina in both eyes?
Epitheliopathy or acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) refers to an acquired inflammatory illness affecting the retinal pigment epithelium. It can affect one or both eyes, and is characterized by multiple yellowish white or light-colored lesions that form in the retina.
What causes inflammation of the retinal pigment epithelium?
Epitheliopathy is caused by the inflammation at the retinal pigment epithelium level and by an acute inflammation at the choriocapillaris, possibly due to a hypersensitivity reaction to an external antigen. As a result, ischemia and occlusion of choroidal arterioles occur.
What do you need to know about epitheliopathy and pigmentation?
What is Epitheliopathy? Epitheliopathy or acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) refers to an acquired inflammatory illness affecting the retinal pigment epithelium. It can affect one or both eyes, and is characterized by multiple yellowish white or light-colored lesions that form in the retina.
What is acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy ( APMPPE )?
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an acquired, inflammatory eye condition affecting the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (pigmented layer of the retina), and choroid.