What was the papal reform movement?
The Papal Reform 1046–1073 Reformers demanded a stricter separation between clergy and laity and the abolition of clerical marriage and simony. The word papatus, papacy, was first used and the cardinals became a more international body.
How did the papacy reform the church?
Only later did the papacy attempt to reform the church by calling the Council of Trent (1545–63), instituting the so-called Counter-Reformation. The theological and ecclesiastical decisions of this council largely determined the shape of the Roman Catholic Church until the second half of the 20th century.
What did Pope Gregory VII accomplish?
Gregory VII was the first pope to depose a crowned ruler, Emperor Henry IV (1056–1105/06). With this revolutionary act, Gregory translated his personal religious and mystical convictions regarding the role of the papacy into direct action in the world at large.
Why was pope Gregory VII forced to flee Rome?
The pope’s chief military supporter, Matilda of Tuscany, blocked Henry’s armies from the western passages over the Apennines, so he had to approach Rome from Ravenna. Rome surrendered to the German king in 1084, and Gregory thereupon retired into the exile of the Castel Sant’Angelo.
How did the papacy respond to the challenge of reform movements?
At first the Catholic Church reverted to the historic practices of banning and excommunication, followed by military repression. When these methods failed to stop the spread of Protestantism the Catholic Church turned to the Counter Reformation.
What reforms were made to the papacy in response to the Protestant Reformation?
Such reforms included the foundation of seminaries for the proper training of priests in the spiritual life and the theological traditions of the Church, the reform of religious life to returning orders to their spiritual foundations, and new spiritual movements focus on the devotional life and a personal relationship …
What was pope Gregory I known for?
He is known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian Mission, to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity. Gregory is also well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as pope.