What is meant by cardiac tamponade?
(KAR-dee-ak tam-puh-NAYD) A serious condition that occurs when extra fluid or blood builds up in the space between the heart and the pericardium (the sac around the heart). The extra fluid causes pressure on the heart, which keeps it from pumping enough blood to the rest the body.
What is the tamponade?
Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition in which blood or fluids fill the space between the sac that encases the heart and the heart muscle. This places extreme pressure on your heart. The pressure prevents the heart’s ventricles from expanding fully and keeps your heart from functioning properly.
What is a pericardial disease?
Pericardial disease, or pericarditis, is inflammation of any of the layers of the pericardium. The pericardium is a thin tissue sac that surrounds the heart and consists of: Visceral pericardium — an inner layer that envelopes the entire heart.
What causes pericarditis?
Causes of pericarditis The cause of pericarditis is often unknown, though viral infections are a common reason. Pericarditis may occur after a respiratory or digestive system infection. Chronic and recurring pericarditis may be caused by autoimmune disorders such as lupus, scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the difference between pericardial effusion and tamponade?
When larger amounts of fluid accumulate (pericardial effusion) or when the pericardium becomes scarred and inelastic, one of three pericardial compressive syndromes may occur: Cardiac tamponade – Cardiac tamponade, which may be acute or subacute, is characterized by the accumulation of pericardial fluid under pressure.
What is the difference between cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion?
What is the difference between pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade? Pericardial effusion is accumulation of fluid that increases the pressure in the pericardial cavity. When the pressure increases sufficiently to adversely affect the heart’s function, cardiac tamponade results.
What are three signs of cardiac tamponade?
What are the symptoms of cardiac tamponade?
- Chest pain or discomfort.
- Shortness of breath.
- Fast breathing.
- Increased heart rate.
- Enlargement of the veins of the neck.
- Fainting or lightheadedness.
- Swelling in the arms and legs.
- Pain in the right upper abdomen.
What causes pericardial thickening?
Causes of pericardial effusion may include: Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Cancer of the heart or pericardium. Spread of cancer (metastasis), particularly lung cancer, breast cancer or Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
What are two classic findings of pericarditis?
Characteristic clinical findings in pericarditis include pleuritic chest pain and pericardial friction rub on auscultation of the left lower sternal border. Electrocardiography may reveal diffuse PR-segment depressions and diffuse ST-segment elevations with upward concavity.
What is the most common cause of pericardial effusion?
Lung cancer is the most common cause of the malignant pericardial effusion. Trauma: Blunt, penetrating, and iatrogenic injury to the myocardium, aorta, or coronary vessels can lead to the accumulation of blood within the pericardial sac.
What does bleeding in the pericardium mean?
Bleeding in any tissue is always concerning and potentially serious, either as a marker of disease or of potential blood loss. Hemopericardium (Table 1Table 1) comprises sanguineous pericardial effusions (which do not clot), frank blood due to wounds, and rupture into the pericardium of cardiovascular structures.
When does a CMR show a pericardial hematoma?
There is an associated small pericardial effusion (arrowhead) and mild obstruction of the tricuspid valve inflow (circle). Pericardial hematomas usually form after surgery or trauma, 4 and may be accurately assessed by CMR (Movie 3).
What are the different types of pericardial masses?
Pericardial Masses. Masses of the heart and pericardium are classified as neoplastic, both primary and secondary, non-neoplastic, and non-tumoral. A classification scheme of the most common pericardial masses encountered is shown in Table 2.
Which is more common a cardiac tumor or a pericardial tumor?
Expert Analysis. Cardiac masses are characterized as either primary or secondary tumors. Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with a 0.001% to 0.03% incidence found in autopsies while secondary tumors have an incidence of 1.7% to 14%. 1 Pericardial tumors are even less common with primary pericardial tumors accounting for only 6.7%- 12.8%…