How does cardiac output and total peripheral resistance affect blood pressure?
In summary, any increases in cardiac output (HR and/or SV), blood viscosity or total peripheral resistance will result in increases in BP.
Is peripheral resistance increased in hypertension?
The main concerns of peripheral vascular resistance are when it is at its extremes, called hypertension (too high) and hypotension (too low). Medications to lower peripheral vascular resistance include beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and alpha-blockers.
How does peripheral resistance affect cardiac output?
Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and stroke volume. If the pressure in a vessel increases then the blood flow will increase. However, if the resistance in a vessel increases then the blood flow will decrease.
How does increased cardiac output affect blood pressure?
Cardiac output can be calculated by the stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate. Any factor that causes cardiac output to increase, by elevating heart rate or stroke volume or both, will elevate blood pressure and promote blood flow.
How does hypertension affect cardiac output?
In most forms of hypertension, the hypertensive state is maintained by an elevation in blood volume, which in turn increases cardiac output by the Frank-Starling relationship. Vasodilator drugs, which decrease systemic vascular resistance, are commonly used to treat hypertension.
Does hypertension increase cardiac output?
In most forms of hypertension, the hypertensive state is maintained by an elevation in blood volume, which in turn increases cardiac output by the Frank-Starling relationship.
How does hypertension affect circulatory system?
High blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and leads to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the heart can cause: Chest pain, also called angina.
Why does hypertension decrease cardiac output?
Hypertension is sometimes treated with drugs that decrease cardiac output. These cardioinhibitory drugs either block beta-adrenoceptors on the heart (i.e., beta-blockers) or L-type calcium channels (i.e., calcium-channel blockers), which decreases cardiac output by decreasing heart rate and contractility (inotropy).
Does peripheral resistance increase cardiac output?
In the recumbent position, patients with borderline hypertension have increased cardiac output and “normal” peripheral resistance. Under all other experimental conditions, the peripheral resistance in patients with borderline hypertension was elevated.
Does peripheral vasoconstriction increase BP?
Vasoconstriction reduces the volume or space inside affected blood vessels. When blood vessel volume is lowered, blood flow is also reduced. At the same time, the resistance or force of blood flow is raised. This causes higher blood pressure.