What type of protein is ire 1?
ER-transmembrane protein
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), an ER-transmembrane protein, is an essential component of the UPR pathway important for sensing and responding to ER stress. IRE1 contains an ER luminal stress-sensing domain and a cytoplasmic facing RNase domain.
What is chop biology?
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), is a pro-apoptotic transcription factor that is encoded by the DDIT3 gene. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, and has an important role in the cell’s stress response.
Where is IRE1 located?
Inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), a protein located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, is highly conserved from yeast to humans. This protein is activated during ER stress and induces cellular adaptive responses to the stress.
Where is ATF3 protein produced?
the nucleus
ATF3 proteins are localized in the nucleus. ATF3 is a member of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors and both homodimerize and heterodimerize with other members of CREB/ATF family, including C/EBPg, CHOP/DDIT3, ATF2, Jun, JunB, p21SNFT/JDP1, and Nrf2/NFE2L2.
What is the function of ATF4?
ATF4 protein can function as a transcriptional activator, as well as a repressor. It is also a protective gene regulating the adaptation of cells to stress factors such as anoxic insult, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress.
What diseases does the endoplasmic reticulum cause?
There is accumulating evidence implicating prolonged ER stress in the development and progression of many diseases, including neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, and cancer.
What happens if the endoplasmic reticulum stops working?
The unfolded protein response also increases the endoplasmic reticulum’s ability to fold proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. If neither of these steps solve the protein pile up, the unfolded protein response also contains a failsafe. If all else fails, the affected cells will self destruct.
What is the function of XBP1 in the immune system?
The XBP1 protein is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes important to the proper functioning of the immune system and in the cellular stress response. The X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a transcription factor containing a bZIP domain.
Where is the XBP1 gene located on the chromosome?
The XBP1 gene is located on chromosome 22 while a closely related pseudogene has been identified and localized to chromosome 5. The XBP1 protein is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes important to the proper functioning of the immune system and in the cellular stress response.
Where is the X box binding protein 1 located?
X-box binding protein 1, also known as XBP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the XBP1 gene. The XBP1 gene is located on chromosome 22 while a closely related pseudogene has been identified and localized to chromosome 5.
What does the unspliced mRNA of XBP1 do?
The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1 (U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1 (S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. A pseudogene of XBP1 has been identified and localized to chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]