What is the pathogenesis of dengue?
It is strongly believed by many scientists studying dengue pathogenesis that a high viral load and activation of high numbers of nonprotective T cells result in a “storm” of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators, leading to the increased plasma leakage characteristic of DHF/DSS.
What is the epidemiology of dengue fever?
The proportion of laboratory confirmed dengue patients in different age groups ranged between 19.1% among persons to 60 years or older and 31.8% among those aged between 10–19 years (Table 1). Of the 60,096 laboratory confirmed patients, 65% were aged 20 years or more.
What is dengue virus classification?
Abstract. Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. It is a single-stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid virus with 10,700 bases. The genus Flavivirus includes other arthropod borne viruses such as yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus.
What is the vector of the dengue virus?
Through Mosquito Bites Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus). These are the same types of mosquitoes that spread Zika and chikungunya viruses.
What is epidemiological triad?
A number of models of disease causation have been proposed. Among the simplest of these is the epidemiologic triad or triangle, the traditional model for infectious disease. The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together.
What does dengue virus do?
Without treatment, the virus can cause damage to blood and lymph vessels and lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is marked by difficulty breathing, bruising and bleeding from the nose, gums or under the skin. Each year, the virus infects up to 100 million people and kills about 22,000, most of them children.
How did dengue virus start?
Dengue originated in monkeys and spilled over into humans as long as 800 years ago. It was restricted to Africa and Southeast Asia until the mid-20th century. The dengue viruses in viremic individuals and their Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors spread throughout tropical Southeast Asia via maritime shipments.