What is a high osmolar contrast agents?
High-osmolar contrast media (HOCM) are the oldest agents. They are relatively inexpensive, but their utility is limited. They are monomers (single benzene ring) that ionize in solution with a valence of -1. Their cation is either sodium or meglumine. A major advance was the development of nonionic compounds.
What is the difference between high and low osmolar contrast?
High-osmolality contrast media (HOCM) have an iodine to molecule ratio of 1.5 : 1. Low-osmolality, nonionic contrast media (LOCM) have an iodine to molecule ratio of 3 : 1. Isosmolar (isoosmolality) contrast media (IOCM) have an iodine to molecule ratio of 6 : 1.
Is omnipaque high or low osmolar?
Table ALow-Osmolar and Iso-Osmolar Contrast Media
| Name | Trade Name | Osmolalitya (mOsm/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Iohexol | Omnipaque® | 322–844 |
| Iopromide | Ultravist® | 328–774 |
| Ioversol | Optiray® | 355–792 |
| Iopamidol | Isovue® | 413–796 |
Is omnipaque 300 low or high osmolar?
OMNIPAQUE 140, OMNIPAQUE 180, OMNIPAQUE 240, OMNIPAQUE 300, and OMNIPAQUE 350 have osmolalities from approximately 1.1 to 3.0 times that of plasma (285 mOsm/kg water) or cerebrospinal fluid (301 mOsm/kg water) as shown in the above table and are hypertonic under conditions of use.
What is low osmolar?
“Osmolality” refers to the concentration of dissolved particles of chemicals and minerals — such as sodium and other electrolytes — in your serum. Higher osmolality means you have more particles in your serum. Lower osmolality means the particles are more diluted.
What are examples of high osmolar contrast material?
High osmolality contrast media
- diatrizoate sodium/meglumine (Gastrografin, MD-Gastroview, Cystografin)
- iothalamate sodium/meglumine (Conray, Cysto-Conray)
What is Hocm and Locm?
HOCM = high osmotic contrast media have the highest osmolality, that is, 5–8 times the osmolality of plasma. LOCM = low osmotic contrast media have an osmolality still higher than plasma, that is, 2-3 times the osmolality of plasma.
Is isovue low osmolar?
Iopamidol (INN), sold under the brand name Isovue among others, is a nonionic, low-osmolar iodinated contrast agent, developed by Bracco Diagnostics. It is available in various concentrations, from 200 to 370 mgI/mL.
Is isovue iso osmolar?
Eng J, Subramaniam RM, Wilson RF, et al. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Comparative Effects of Different Contrast Media [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2015 Dec….Table 2Low-osmolar and iso-osmolar contrast media.
| Name | iopamidol |
|---|---|
| Trade Name | Isovue |
| Manufacturer | Bracco |
| Classification | LOCM |
Is metrizamide a low osmolality agent?
Metrizamide is a combination of metrizoic acid and glucosamine, which was water soluble with low osmolality. The osmolality was 485 mOsm, and the vascular pain threshold is between 600 and 700 mOsm.
Who has low osmolarity ORS?
You should not hesitate to continue using the standard WHO UNICEF ORS (90 mEq/l of sodium with a total osmolarity of 311 mOsm/l solution), which is highly effective in the treatment of dehydration.
Is Conray high osmolar?
Adverse reactions Allergic-like reactions to iodinated contrast agents are rare, accounting for 0.6% of cases with only 0.04% considered severe 9.
Which is an example of a low osmolality contrast media?
New low osmolality contrast media have been synthesized, utilizing a non-ionizing radical (such as amide or amine) instead of the carboxyl group of a tri-iodinated substituted benzoic acid. Such examples are metrizamide (Amipaque) and Iopamidol (both non-ionic amides) and Hexabrix (salts of a mono-acid dimer).
When to use osmolarity instead of osmolality?
In medicine, we tend to use osmolarity instead of osmolality. Our blood is liquid, and we like to measure the amount of something per liter (or deciliter) of blood plasma. That makes more intuitive sense than dealing with kilograms of blood plasma. So more often than not, you’ll be working with osmolarity when dealing with patients.
What happens if your serum osmolarity is too high?
If your serum osmolarity starts to climb too high, ADH will make you thirsty and signal your kidneys to retain water (by reducing urine output). This will help to “dilute” you, and will lower your osmolarity.
What’s the normal range for osmolality blood test?
Although the three substances can vary in their balance in higher or lower levels throughout the day, the results stay within what is considered a normal range. Normal results are typically listed in a range of 270-300, although every lab has its own established range it considers to be a normal result.