Which of the following is an example of cross-tolerance?
Sometimes cross-tolerance occurs between two drugs that do not share mechanisms of action or classification. For example, amphetamine and amphetamine-like stimulants have been shown to exhibit cross-tolerance with caffeine, and it is likely the mechanism of cross-tolerance involves the dopamine receptor D1.
What is the most addictive benzodiazepine?
All benzodiazepines have a great risk of tolerance, dependence, and addiction, but Klonopin is among the most addictive. This anti-anxiety medication has two components that make it a prime target for people struggling with drug addiction: a rapid onset of action and a long half-life.
Do Benzos cross-tolerance?
Cross tolerance Benzodiazepines share a similar mechanism of action with various sedative compounds that act by enhancing the GABAA receptor. Cross tolerance means that one drug will alleviate the withdrawal effects of another.
What does benzodiazepines do to GABA?
Benzodiazepines increase the frequency of chloride channel influx which hyperpolarizes the GABA receptor, resulting in increased inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
Can u build a tolerance to alcohol?
You can drink enough alcohol for a period of time that you can develop a tolerance to some of its effects. If you drink long enough, you may find that drinking the same amount you usually drink does not produce the same effect.
What is a Z hypnotic?
The nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (“Z-drug” hypnotics) are known to be extremely useful in the treatment of insomnia, owing to their quick onset and short duration of action. 46. Like their benzodiazepine counterparts, they too act at the GABAA receptor.
What causes benzo tolerance?
The increased GABA inhibition on the neural systems caused by benzodiazepines is counteracted by the body’s development of tolerance to the drug’s effects; the development of tolerance occurs as a result of neuroadaptations, which result in decreased GABA activity and increased excitability of the glutamate system; …
What drugs fall under barbiturates?
What are examples of barbiturates available in the US?
- amobarbital (Amytal)
- butabarbital (Butisol)
- pentobarbital (Nembutal)
- secobarbital (Seconal)
- belladonna and phenobarbital (Donnatal)
- butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine (Esgic, Fioricet)
- butalbital/aspirin/caffeine (Fiorinal Ascomp, Fortabs)
Which is the most common drug for cross tolerance?
For example, a person who abuses Percocet will develop a cross-tolerance to OxyContin. Here are the most common drug classes for cross-tolerance: Sedatives: Drugs like benzodiazepines, alcohol, barbiturates, and sleep aids all act on similar receptors in the brain.
What are the dangers of combining alcohol and benzos?
Increased risk to develop physical dependence on one or both drugs: Prolonged use of either alcohol or benzodiazepines is associated with a risk to develop physical dependence. Continued abuse of one or both drugs increases the risk that an individual will develop physical dependence on one or both.
Can a person develop cross tolerance to a stimulant?
For example, if a person develops tolerance to stimulant drugs, it is highly unlikely that the person would develop cross-tolerance to narcotic drugs, benzodiazepines, or barbiturates. Moreover, even though some drugs produce very similar effects, such as Valium and heroin, these drugs operate on different neurotransmitters in the brain.
Is it safe to take benzodiazepines with alcohol?
Every warning label on the container for a benzodiazepine cautions against this practice, and physicians often explicitly instruct their patients to avoid alcohol when they are prescribed benzodiazepines. The risks for abusing these drugs in combination are significantly more severe than the risks of abusing them singularly.