What is water gas shift reactor?
In syngas processes where hydrogen production is maximized, the use of a water gas shift reactor is typically utilized. These reactors shift a portion of the CO content in the syngas to CO2 and additional H2 via the water gas shift reaction given below, which is exothermic.
How does the water gas shift reaction work?
The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H2O ⇌ CO2 + H. As a resolution to this problem, the WGSR was combined with the gasification of coal to produce a pure hydrogen product.
How does membrane reactor work?
Membrane reactors combine reaction with separation to increase conversion. One of the products of a given reaction is removed from the reactor through the membrane, thus forcing the equilibrium of the reaction ‘to the right’ (according to Le Chatelier’s principle), so that more of that product is generated.
Is the water gas shift reaction endothermic or exothermic?
The water gas shift (WGS) reaction is an equilibrium reaction between water and carbon monoxide on the one side and carbon dioxide and hydrogen on the other. The forward reaction is exothermic with a reaction enthalpy of -41 kJ mol-1.
Why is water gas shift reaction?
The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is an equilibrium-limited reaction at higher temperatures, usually kinetically limited below 250 °C. This requires development of more active low-temperature catalysts and advanced reactor concepts to overcome limitations related to low CO conversions in the range 250–350 °C.
Which catalyst is used in water gas shift reaction?
At lower temperature (150–250°C) the catalyst of choice is based on copper Cu-ZnO. The iron oxide-based catalysts, Fe2O3, are well known in high temperature water-gas shift reaction (350–450°C) and are generally doped with chromium oxide, Cr2O3, which prevents the sintering of iron oxide crystallites.
What is MBR STP?
Membrane Bioreactor or MBR Sewage Treatment Plant is an innovative wastewater treatment method. As the name suggests, it combines two technologies, membrane filtration and the biological treatment.
What is TMP in MBR?
Mechanisms of membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR). In operational terms, membrane fouling decreases the permeate flux when the MBR is operated at constant transmembrane pressure (TMP), and results in the increase of TMP when the MBR is operated at constant permeate flux.
How sodium arsenite removes CO2?
There is a redox mechanism involved in formation of CO2 from water gas. It involves a regenerative change in the oxidation state of the catalytic metal. In sodium arsenite solution, arsenic undergoes the regenerative change in oxidation state. The CO is then oxidized by the atomic O forming CO2 .
What is the catalyst used in water gas shift reaction?
The iron oxide-based catalysts, Fe2O3, are well known in high temperature water-gas shift reaction (350–450°C) and are generally doped with chromium oxide, Cr2O3, which prevents the sintering of iron oxide crystallites.