What is the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice?
Pathogenesis of neonatal jaundice includes physiologic process of bilirubin accumulation or pathological mechanism. The pathological jaundice may be acquired or inherited. Acquired neonatal jaundice include Rh hemolytic disease, ABO incompatibility disease, and hemolytic disease due to G6PD enzyme deficiency.
What is neonatal jaundice PDF?
Neonatal. jaundice can be defined as the presence of yellowish. color of the sclera and the skin in a neonate, caused by. bilirubin accumulation.
When do you start phototherapy in neonatal jaundice?
Phototherapy should be instituted when the total serum bilirubin level is at or above 15 mg per dL (257 mol per L) in infants 25 to 48 hours old, 18 mg per dL (308 mol per L) in infants 49 to 72 hours old, and 20 mg per dL (342 mol per L) in infants older than 72 hours.
What is the pathophysiology of jaundice?
Pathophysiology. Jaundice results from high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is the normal breakdown product from the catabolism of haem, and thus is formed from the destruction of red blood cells. Under normal circumstances, bilirubin undergoes conjugation within the liver, making it water-soluble.
What is the pathophysiology of physiological jaundice?
Physiologic jaundice is caused by a combination of increased bilirubin production secondary to accelerated destruction of erythrocytes, decreased excretory capacity secondary to low levels of ligandin in hepatocytes, and low activity of the bilirubin-conjugating enzyme uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase (UDPGT).
What is the mechanism of phototherapy?
Mechanism of phototherapy: Blue-green light in the range of 460-490 nm is most effective for phototherapy. The absorption of light by the normal bilirubin (4Z,15Z-bilirubin) generates configuration isomers, structural isomers, and photooxidation products. The 2 principal photoisomers formed in humans are shown.
What are the indications for phototherapy?
Indications
- Psoriasis.
- Chronic Eczema.
- Mycosis Fungoides.
- Vitiligo.
- Polymorphic Light Eruption.
- Cutaneous Graft Versus Host Disease.
- Generalized Lichen Planus.
- Other Indications.
What are the 3 phases of jaundice?
Bilirubin metabolism takes place in three phases—prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic. Dysfunction in any of these phases may lead to jaundice.
What is physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice?
birth almost every newborn has a total serum bili- rubin (TSB) level that exceeds 1 mg/dL (17 mol/L), the upper limit of normal for an adult, and 2 of every 3 newborns are jaundiced to the clinician’s eye, this type of transient bilirubinemia has been called “physiologic jaundice.” When TSB levels exceed a certain …
What is the difference between physiologic and Nonphysiologic jaundice?
This type of jaundice occurs more than 24 hours after a baby is born. Non-physiological Jaundice occurs much sooner, with infants developing jaundice less than 24 hours after birth. In these cases, an infant’s levels of bilirubin tend to be much higher than physiological jaundice.
How is neonatal jaundice initially identified?
Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes – the main sign of infant Jaundice – usually appears between the second and fourth day after birth. To check for infant jaundice, press gently on your baby’s forehead or nose. If the skin looks yellow where you pressed, it’s likely your baby has mild jaundice.
What are the effects of neonatal jaundice?
While jaundice is highly treatable, it can cause brain damage in infants if left untreated. Jaundice is a condition that causes your skin and the whites of your eyes to turn yellow. It’s most common in newborn babies.
What is the pathogenesis of neonatal jaundice?
Pathophysiology. Neonatal physiologic jaundice results from simultaneous occurrence of the following two phenomena [1] : Bilirubin production is elevated because of increased breakdown of fetal erythrocytes. This is the result of the shortened lifespan of fetal erythrocytes and the higher erythrocyte mass in neonates.
Why are some babies born with jaundice?
Infant jaundice occurs because the baby’s blood contains an excess of bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin), a yellow pigment of red blood cells. Infant jaundice is a common condition, particularly in babies born before 38 weeks’ gestation (preterm babies) and some breast-fed babies.