What is mucosal disruption?
Abstract. The gastric mucosal barrier is a complex of interacting physical and chemical defense mechanisms that protect the gastric mucosa from erosions and ulcers. Several conditions can disrupt the gastric mucosal barrier, leading to gastric mucosal damage (e.g., gastritis, gastric erosions, ulcers).
What causes mucosal damage?
Factors in upper intestinal content that can produce acute injury to the gastric mucosa include lysolecithin and the bile acids. Both damage the gastric mucosal barrier by increasing mucosal permeability. The secondary and deconjugated bile acids are more toxic in this regard than are the primary or conjugated ones.
What is gastric mucosal defense?
The gastric mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to safely contain the gastric acid required for digestion. If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself.
What is mucosal blood?
Blood flow contributes to protection by supplying the mucosa with oxygen and HCO3-, and by removing H+ and toxic agents diffusing from the lumen into the mucosa. Low mucosal blood flow predisposes to injury, whereas high blood flow protects against injurious agents.
Can mucosal damage be reversed?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are another group of compounds that exacerbate underlying disease and delay repair, primarily through their inhibition of cyclooxygenase and a decrease in mucosal prostaglandin concentration….
| Antisecretory | Cytoprotectants |
|---|---|
| Omeprazole 0.7mg/kg q24h | Bismuth subsalts to effect |
How do you rebuild gastric mucosa?
Superficial injury of the gastric mucosa, such as occurs after ethanol or aspirin ingestion, is usually resurfaced in 1 or 2 h. This is accomplished by rapid migration of surface mucous cells to cover the defect, followed by a later increase in cellular proliferation to restore the pits to their original length.
How long does it take for oral mucosa to heal?
Superficial burns of mucosa can heal in a short period of time (within 1 or 2 weeks) as the turn-over of oral mucosa is very high [5]. Oral surgery and antibiotics are necessary in very rare cases. Gel with hyaluronic acid can accelerate the healing process.
What creates the stomach mucosal barrier?
In the stomach several mucosal defence mechanisms protect the stomach against hydrochloric acid and noxious agents. The pre-epithelial protection is made up by the mucus-bicarbonate barrier. Mucus and bicarbonate, secreted by mucus cells, create a pH gradient maintaining the epithelial cell surface at near neutral pH.
What will happen if the stomach lining is damaged?
Weakness in your stomach lining allows digestive juices to damage and inflame it, causing gastritis. Having a thin or damaged stomach lining raises your risk for gastritis. A gastrointestinal bacterial infection can also cause gastritis. The most common bacterial infection that causes it is H.
What is the mucus membrane?
Listen to pronunciation. (MYOO-kus MEM-brayn) The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Glands in the mucous membrane make mucus (a thick, slippery fluid).
What is mucosal ischemia?
Ischemic mucosal injury increases mucosal permeability and promotes the translocation of bacterial toxins and bacteria and, hence, the release of mediators. Collectively these substances are the putative cause of LOS, nosocomial infections, and MSOF.
How long does it take for stomach mucosa to regenerate?
These results suggest that ulcer regenerated epithelium takes more than 8 months to return to normal, and has the potential to progress to further damage, with further insulting injury to the gastric mucosa.
When was gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection developed?
The discovery by Vane that the major mechanism by which aspirin and other NSAIDs produce gastric damage is inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis,3 and the concept of cytoprotection developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Robert et al 4, 5 sparked tremendous interest in gastric mucosal defense.
How is cytoprotection performed in the gastrointestinal tract?
Prostanoids provide cytoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract by a number of mechanisms. PGE2 and PGI 2 both reduce acid secretion and cause vasodilatation in blood vessels of the gastric mucosa. Both of these actions contribute to maintaining gastric mucosal integrity.
What are the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa?
Gastric Mucosal Defense Mechanisms. Defense mechanisms permit the gastric mucosa to withstand frequent exposure to damaging factors across a wide range of pH, osmolality, and temperature.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 These include local defense mechanisms and neurohormonal mechanisms described below (Figure 1).
What’s the difference between cytoprotection and detoxification?
The term cytoprotection is used here to differentiate between the indirect protection afforded by detoxification of reactive oxygen species initiated by xenobiotics and the direct detoxification of xenobiotic reactive metabolites discussed above under detoxification.