What is cholinesterase poisoning?
Cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity is due to a decrease in the ability of cholinesterase to breakdown acetylcholine which results in excessively high acetylcholine levels. Cholinesterase inhibitors fall into two classes, organophosphorus compounds, and carbamates.
How is organophosphate poisoning diagnosed?
Currently, there are no laboratory results that are absolutely confirmatory for organophosphate poisoning. Diagnosis must be based on a combination of patient history, signs and symptoms, depressed plasma and/or RBC cholinesterase activity, and response to therapy.
What is organo carbamate poisoning?
Carbamate toxicity results from increased acetylcholine levels at ganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems; the muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nervous system target organs; the central nervous system; and nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle tissue.
What are the features of organophosphorus poisoning?
The typical toxidrome in organophosphate (OP) poisoning comprises of the Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric cramps, Emesis (SLUDGE) symptoms.
How do you treat organophosphate poisoning?
The definitive treatment for organophosphate poisoning is atropine, which competes with acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. The initial dose for adults is 2 to 5 mg IV or 0.05 mg/kg IV for children until reaching the adult dose.
What is Pam injection?
Pam 500mg Injection is a prescription medicine used in the treatment of poisoning caused by pesticides and chemicals that contain organophosphates. It is used in the cases where respiratory depression occurs as a result of muscle weakness due to poisoning.
What are some examples of organophosphates?
Examples of organophosphates include the following:
- Insecticides – Malathion, parathion, diazinon, fenthion, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, ethion.
- Nerve gases – Soman, sarin, tabun, VX.
- Ophthalmic agents – Echothiophate, isoflurophate.
- Antihelmintics – Trichlorfon.
- Herbicides – Tribufos (DEF), merphos.
What is the meaning of carbamate?
Definition of carbamate : a salt or ester of carbamic acid especially : one that is a synthetic organic insecticide.
What is the mode of action of organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates?
Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides are designed to kill different insects and other pests. They share the same target in both insects and mammals, including humans; in fact, they act by inhibiting the neural enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Which antidote is used in organophosphorus poisoning?
The mainstays of medical therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning include atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM), and benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam). Initial management must focus on adequate use of atropine.
What are the signs and symptoms of acute poisoning with organophosphorus compounds describe its clinical management?
In those who have organophosphate poisoning the primary treatments are atropine, oximes such as pralidoxime, and diazepam. General measures such as oxygen and intravenous fluids are also recommended….
| Organophosphate poisoning | |
|---|---|
| Deaths | >200,000 per year |
What are symptoms of human poisoning?
Carbon-monoxide-poisoning symptoms may include shortness of breath, mild headache and/or nausea, dizziness and lightheadedness. If you suspect this form of poisoning, remove the affected person from the source of the carbon monoxide and summon medical help immediately.
What are the symptoms of poisoning?
General symptoms of poisoning can include: feeling and being sick. diarrhoea. stomach pain. drowsiness, dizziness or weakness.
What is organophosphate poisoning?
Organophosphate poisoning is a neurological syndrome caused by exposure to organophosphate chemicals like those found in insecticides, herbicides , and some nerve agents.