What causes manganism?
Chronic exposure to excessive manganese levels can lead to a variety of psychiatric and motor disturbances, termed manganism. Generally, exposure to ambient manganese air concentrations in excess of 5 micrograms Mn/m3 can lead to Mn-induced symptoms.
How is manganism treated?
In addition to chelation therapy, sodium para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), an antibacterial drug for treatment of tuberculosis, has been found to be effective in treatment of severe chronic manganism.
Is manganese toxic to humans?
Manganese is a very common compound that can be found everywhere on earth. Manganese is one out of three toxic essential trace elements, which means that it is not only necessary for humans to survive, but it is also toxic when too high concentrations are present in a human body.
How is manganism a disease of the brain?
Manganism results from excessive Mn levels in the brain. From its first description in 1837 by Couper of Glasgow, manganism has been compared to PD. Both diseases present with akinetic rigidity, dystonia, tremor, posture instability, and bradykinesia, and can develop dementia.
What is the Webster’s dictionary definition of insanity?
Definition of insanity. 3a : extreme folly or unreasonableness the insanity of violence His comments were pure insanity.
Is there a connection between MN and manganism?
Occupational exposure to Mn can result in neurological disorder, called manganism, and is similar to Parkinson disease. According to the World Health Organization’s 2011 guidelines for drinking-water quality, it would require exposure to high levels of manganese over a long period before manganism develops.
How is insanity used in the modern world?
In modern usage, insanity may be found in both senses: you may tell your brother that trying to skateboard while holding onto a car is “insanity” (in which case you mean that it is extremely foolish) or encounter the stricter original meaning in such contexts as insanity plea. She was found not guilty by reason of insanity.