Is hydroquinone a phenol?
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid.
How long does hydroquinone take to work?
It takes about four weeks on average for the ingredient to take effect. It may take several months of consistent use before you see full results. If you don’t see any improvements within three months of OTC use, talk to your dermatologist.
What is the use of Hydroxyphenol?
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a hydroxyphenol that is naturally present in plants and foods such as coffee, cranberries, and blueberries [1] [2] [3] . It has been used for decades as a skin-whitening agent. … Medical supervision is, however, necessary because of frequent side effects.
Is hydroquinone cream a steroid?
Fluocinolone is a corticosteroid (steroid medicine), hydroquinone is a bleaching agent, and tretinoin is a retinoid (related to vitamin A). This medicine is available only with your doctor’s prescription. This product is available in the following dosage forms: Cream.
Can you mix hydroquinone and Vitamin C?
Hydroquinone combination formulations. In this regard, consumers can readily find products that combine hydroquinone with various ingredients such as retinoic acid, glycolic acid, vitamin C, and topical steroids. However, prolonged use of such products can worsen pigmentation and create additional issues.
Which is better Kojic acid or alpha arbutin?
Alpha Arbutin has comparatively fewer risks than many whitening ingredients, including kojic acid, making it effective for dark spots and melanin overproduction. While kojic acid has been proven to be more effective than alpha-arbutin, it is hard to store.
Who should not use hydroquinone?
Do not use hydroquinone topical on open wounds or on sunburned, windburned, dry, chapped, or irritated skin. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 2 months, or if your condition gets worse.
How is phenol converted to hydroquinone and catechol?
Many processes are known in the prior art for the conversion of phenol to hydroquinone and catechol using hydrogen peroxide, H2O2as the oxidant. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,913, assigned to Brichima, the catalyst used is farrocane, ferrous sulfate chelates are used as catalysts in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,756.
How is Hydroquinone used as an antioxidant?
Produced as an inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils; in photographic processing; and naturally in certain plant species, Hydroquinone is a phenol derivative with antioxidant properties that can cause toxicity in several organs, notably the kidney.
What is the chemical formula for hydroquinone OH 2?
Description. Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1, 4-diol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. Its chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. Hydroquinone is commonly used as a biomarker for benzene exposure.
How are the hydroxyl groups of hydroquinone bonded?
It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name “hydroquinone” was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.