How does a packed bed reactor work?
Packed bed reactors These reactors are tubular and are filled with solid catalyst particles, most often used to catalyze gas reactions. The chemical reaction takes place on the surface of the catalyst. The conversion is based on the amount of the solid catalyst rather than the volume of the reactor.
What is space velocity in chemical engineering?
In chemical engineering and reactor engineering, space velocity refers to the quotient of the entering volumetric flow rate of the reactants divided by the reactor volume which indicates how many reactor volumes of feed can be treated in a unit time. It is commonly regarded as the reciprocal of the reactor space time.
What is meant by space time in reactor?
These two variables characterize the flow through the reactor and are simply defined as: SPACE TIME: TAU = vo/V. Time required to process one reactor volume of fluid based on entrance conditions. It gives the idea of the velocity in which the “velocity” in which a volume of reactor is treated.
How do you calculate Ghsv?
Space Velocity in s-1= gas flowrate/volume = uA/LA = u/L ( u= Superficial velocity of gas, m/s; L = monolith tube length, m; A= total frontal area), where u = Q/A, with Q at STP conditions. Then Harriott gives, for catalytic combustion, GHSV = 10,000- 200,000 h-1.
What type of reactor is a packed bed reactor?
Packed bed reactors consist of a cylindrical shell with convex heads. Most are vertical, and allow reactants to flow by gravity. Inside the reactor is an immobilized, or fixed, bed of catalyst . Packed bed reactors are heterogeneous reaction systems.
What is space velocity in reactor?
Space velocity = flow rate of the reactants/ the reactor volume. (or the catalyst bed volume) which indicates how many reactor volumes of feed can be treated in a unit time (for instance, a reactor with a space velocity of 7 hr−1 is able to process feed equivalent to seven times the reactor volume each hour).
How do you calculate Space Time reactor?
The Space time, tau, is obtained by dividing the reactor volume by the volumetric flow rate entering the reactor: Space time is the time necessary to process one volume of reactor fluid at the entrance conditions.
How do you calculate space time in a reactor?
How do you calculate weight per hour in space velocity?
For hydrotreaters and hydrocrackers, space velocity is defined either in terms of LHSV [liquid hourly space velocity] or WHSV [weight hourly space velocity]. LHSV is calculated by converting rated BPSD into equivalent ft3@60F per hr, i.e. (BPSD times 5.615) divided by 24 hours per stream day.
What is the significance of space velocity of reactor?
Space velocity = flow rate of the feeds/ volume of the reactor (or volume of the catalyst) Space Velocity signifies that how many reactor volumes of feed can be fed in unit time (for instance, a reactor with a space velocity of 1 hr−1 is able to process feed equivalent to one time the reactor volume each hour).
How is unit space velocity related to time?
The unit space velocity is the reciprocal of time; the space velocity depends upon reactor inlet condition, catalyst type and diameter & fractional conversion.
What are the components of a catalytic reactor?
In its simplest form a catalytic reactor consists of a cylindrical tube packed with small catalyst pellets and ‘sur rounded, in the case of an exothermic reaction, by a cooling
What is the significance of lhsv in reactor?
LHSV, which is the reciprocal of space-time, signifies the time spent in the reactor of the reactants. It was observed that reducing LHSV leads to an increase in the conversion in HDS, HDN, and HDA reactions (see the below figure).