What does HIV subtype B mean?
Abstract. Human migration is a major process that shaped the origin and dissemination of HIV. Within HIV-1, subtype B (HIV-1B) is the most disseminated variant and it is assumed to be the causative agent in approximately 11% of all cases of HIV worldwide.
What subtype of HIV-1 is found in the United States?
Although HIV-1 subtype B is predominant in the United States, factors such as global travel, immigration, and military deployment have the potential to increase the proportion of non-subtype B infections. Limited data are available on the prevalence and distribution of non-B HIV-1 strains in the United States.
Has HIV been sequenced?
major reference. The HIV-1 genome in 2009 was the first HIV genome to be sequenced in its entirety.
What is the main subtype of HIV-1?
Subtypes within HIV-1 group M The dominant HIV subtype in the Americas, Western Europe and Australasia is subtype B. As a result, the great majority of HIV clinical research has been conducted in populations where subtype B predominates, despite this subtype representing only 12% of global HIV infections.
Is Dengue an RNA virus?
Dengue Virus Genome and Structure The dengue virus genome is a single strand of RNA. It is referred to as positive-sense RNA because it can be directly translated into proteins. The viral genome encodes ten genes (Figure 2). The genome is translated as a single, long polypeptide and then cut into ten proteins.
Does influenza B integrate into the host genome?
Unlike HIV, the viral RNA does not integrate within the host’s genome, so infections are acute rather than chronic. When messenger RNAs generated from the viral genome in the nucleus pass into the cytoplasm, the viral proteins can then be synthesized using the cell’s own ribosomes or protein-making machinery60.
How do influenza subtypes differ?
Influenza A viruses are classified by subtypes based on the properties of their hemagglutinin (H or HA) and neuraminidase (N or NA) surface proteins. There are 18 different HA subtypes and 11 different NA subtypes. Subtypes are named by combining the H and N numbers – e.g., A(H1N1), A(H3N2).