What is genomic instability?
Genomic instability is a characteristic of most cancer cells. It is an increased tendency of genome alteration during cell division. Cancer frequently results from damage to multiple genes controlling cell division and tumor suppressors.
What causes genome instability?
Genomic instability is caused by defects in certain processes that control the way cells divide. It occurs in many types of cancer. These defects may include mutations in certain genes involved in repairing damaged DNA or mistakes that don’t get corrected when DNA is copied in a cell.
What is a chromosome instability syndrome?
Chromosomal instability syndromes (CIS), are also known as chromosomal breakage syndromes are a group of genetic disorders that are typically transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance defined on the basis of cell culture in vitro that the affected individuals exhibit elevated rates of chromosomal …
How is genomic instability detected?
Commonly used markers of mitochondrial genome instability detected by PCR and followed by direct sequencing include point mutations, insertions, deletions, and length changes in homopolymeric or dimeric nucleotide tracts.
What is somatic instability?
When DNA repair goes awry, repeating sections of the DNA code can become unstable. In the case of Huntington’s disease, this means that over a person’s lifetime, the already-expanded HD gene gains even more CAGs, in certain cells of the brain and body. This phenomenon is known as somatic instability.
What is genetic stability?
Genetic stability testing is required to demonstrate that the genetic sequence of an expression construct is stable throughout the production life cycle to ensure the quality and consistency of the product and production process.
Why is genetic stability important?
Faithful replication of genetic material is essential for development and health maintenance. Genome integrity involves not only finely orchestrated reproduction of DNA but also chromatin, its protein packaging framework.
What is Bloom’s syndrome?
Listen to pronunciation. (… SIN-drome) A rare, inherited disorder marked by shorter than average height, a narrow face, a red skin rash that occurs on sun-exposed areas of the body, and an increased risk of cancer.
What substances can cause genetic mutation or instability?
Chemicals, radiations and biological agents (e.g. viruses, bacteria and parasites) can have direct effects on genome integrity, causing specific DNA lesions [e.g. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, bulky adducts], inducing gene mutations and chromosome aberrations.