What is the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation?
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT) heavily relies on the capability of bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens in transferring foreign genes into a wide variety of host plants. Currently, AMT is the most commonly used method for generating transgenic plants. tumefaciens was very useful for plant breeding.
How is Agrobacterium used to transform plants?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil phytopathogen that naturally infects plant wound sites and causes crown gall disease via delivery of transferred (T)-DNA from bacterial cells into host plant cells through a bacterial type IV secretion system (T4SS).
What are the 5 roles of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plant transformation?
The process of gene transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells implies several essential steps: (1) bacterial colonization (2) induction of bacterial virulence system, (3) generation of T-DNA transfer complex (4) T-DNA transfer and (5) integration of T-DNA into plant genome.
How does Agrobacterium tumefaciens transform?
-Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of several dicot plants. It is able to deliver a piece of its own DNA known as the T-DNA to transform the normal plant cells into a tumor. It uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into a DNA.
Why is Agrobacterium used for transformation?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a widespread naturally occurring soil bacterium that causes crown gall, and has the ability to introduce new genetic material into the plant cell (Gelvin, 2003). This natural ability to alter the plant’s genetic makeup was the foundation of plant transformation using Agrobacterium.
What is the main advantage of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer?
The advantages of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation include the transfer of pieces of DNA with defined ends and minimal rearrangement, the transfer of relatively large segments of DNA, the integration of small numbers of copies of genes into plant chromosomes and the high quality and fertility of transgenic plants.
What is the function of Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil bacterium that has the ability to infect plant cells and transfer a defined sequence of their DNA to the plant cell by infection and a causative agent of crown gall disease. Agrobacterium tumefaciens cell contains a plasmid known as the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid (140–235 kb).
How do you use Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plants?
tumefaciens has enabled this bacterium to be used as a tool in plant breeding. Any desired genes, such as insecticidal toxin genes (see Bacillus thuringiensis) or herbicide-resistance genes, can be engineered into the bacterial DNA and thereby inserted into the plant genome.
How does Agrobacterium help in gene transformation?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is attracted to the amino acids, sugars and organic acids released by the wounded plants. It binds the wounded tissue by polar attachment mechanism. During this attachment switches on the genetic operons critical to the start of gene transfer expression.
Why Agrobacterium is used for gene transfer?
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer predominantly results in the integration of foreign genes at a single locus in the host plant, without associated vector backbone and is also known to produce marker free plants, which are the prerequisites for commercialization of transgenic crops.