What type of hypersensitivity is pemphigus?
Pemphigus vulgaris is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, which is when the immune system produces antibodies that bind to the body’s own cells. More specifically, immune cells, called B cells produce IgG antibodies that can bind to specific desmosomes proteins – desmoglein 1 and 3.
What is pemphigus erythematosus?
Pemphigus erythematosus, or Senear-Usher syndrome, is an autoimmune skin blistering disorder with an overlapping clinical presentation of pemphigus foliaceus and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is generally regarded as a limited form of pemphigus foliaceus.
How do you treat pemphigus foliaceus?
Topical treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids, such as topical clobetasol cream or ointment 0.05% twice a day, is helpful. Other vehicles that may be useful are creams, foams, liquids (for scalp lesions), and aerosols. Antibiotics, such as minocycline 50 mg daily, may be effective.
What is para keratosis?
Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. In mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal. In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells.
What is acanthosis and parakeratosis?
Parakeratosis refers to pyknotic keratinocyte nuclei within the stratum corneum, where nuclei are not normally present. It is common to many diseases where there are changes within the epidermis, and is often accompanied by hyperkeratosis (1.61), hypogranulosis (1.63), and acanthosis (1.61).
What does pemphigus Foliaceus look like?
Small fluid-filled skin blisters that typically begin on the face, scalp, or trunk. Ruptured blisters that cause sores, pockets, or scars in the skin. Scaly, inflamed, painful patches on the skin. These patches occur after blisters burst.
Which is the best treatment for Pemphigus erythematosus?
Systemic therapy. Systemic steroids have been the mainstay of therapy for widespread pemphigus since their first use in 1950. Prednisone at 1-2 mg/kg/d as a single morning dose or as intravenous pulses may control the disease. Appropriate monitoring is critical. Dapsone is effective in some patients with pemphigus erythematosus.
What are the names of the different types of pemphigus?
The various types of pemphigus include pemphigus erythematosus, pemphigoid, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus vulgaris, and pemphigus foliaceus. Pemphigus erythematosus, also known as Senear-Usher syndrome, is an overlap syndrome with features of lupus erythematosus (LE) and pemphigus foliaceus.
Can a person with Pemphigus erythematosus live a normal life?
With good dermatologic care, patients with pemphigus erythematosus are often able to live normal lives. Some patients may ultimately develop symptoms classified as criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).
How is pemphigus foliaceus related to lupus?
Pemphigus erythematosus, also known as Senear-Usher syndrome, is an overlap syndrome with features of lupus erythematosus (LE) and pemphigus foliaceus. Pemphigus is demonstrated by acantholysis and immunoglobulin deposits in the interkeratinocyte substance (see the image below).