What are silvicultural practices?
Silviculture is the practice of controlling the growth, composition/structure, and quality of forests to meet values and needs, specifically timber production. Adaptive management is common in silviculture, while forestry can include natural/conserved land without stand-level management and treatments being applied.
What are the uses of silviculture?
(i) It produces abundant raw materials for the industry like timber and paper industry. (ii) It increases forest cover which is necessary for the conservation of wildlife. (iii) It maintains a perfect water cycle in nature. (iv) It prevents soil erosion as the forest cover keeps the topsoil intact.
What is seed tree method?
seed tree method. A silviculture system whereby the entire stand is removed in a final cutting except for selected single seed trees in small groups to provide the seed for reproduction.
Which are included in tending operations?
It essentially covers operation on the crop itself and competing for vegetation and include weeding, cleaning, thinning, felling, pruning, climber cutting, girdling but exclude soil working, drainage, irrigation, and burning, etc.
What is selection system?
Selection cutting, also known as selection system, is the silvicultural practice of harvesting trees in a way that moves a forest stand towards an uneven-aged or all-aged condition, or ‘structure’. This is one of many different ways of harvesting trees.
What is a coppice system?
THE COPPICE SYSTEM Crop consisting entirely of vegetative shoots, crop removed by clear felling, even-aged is coppice system. ยท When regeneration is primarily from coppice shoots or root suckers the silvicultural system is known as the coppice system.
Which operation is involved in tending operation in silviculture?
Thinning is a tending operation carried out in a crop beyond the sapling stage and up to the beginning of regeneration period. Thus, thinning, takes place naturally in a density stocked forest under the law of Survival of the fittest.
What is the difference between thinning and pruning?
Pruning is defined as the selective removal of certain parts of plants, buds, branches, roots, and seedlings to shape the way they grow. For the most part, Thinning is the removal of individual plants or sometimes parts of a plant to create room for growth for other plants.
What are the phases of silvicultural system?
Basic silvicultural operations include selective weeding, liberation thinning, coppicing and enrichment planting (see, for example, Peters 1994, 1996).
How is silviculture used in management of mangroves?
The management of mangrove forests under selection and clear-felling silvicultural systems is practiced in a limited number of countries, mostly in Asia, although in recent years several countries have seriously taken up mangrove plantation establishment and the rehabilitation of degraded mangrove formations.
How are mangroves adapted to a saline environment?
The mangrove environment is primarily saline, and the vegetation grows and flourishes by using three different mechanisms which cope with excess salt. The roots of salt-excluding species of Ceriops, Excoecariaand Rhizophoracan absorb only freshwater from the saline water through a process of ultrafiltration (Scholander, 1968).
Where are mangroves most likely to be found?
Mangroves occur in areas where strong wave actions are absent. The most extensive growth of mangroves can be seen in estuaries of rivers and protected lagoons and coastal lakes. Mangroves occur in areas of high humidity and their luxuriant growth is often associated with a high rainfall.
How does silt deposition help viviparous seedlings?
In the case of viviparous seeds, the adventitious roots already present in the hypocotyl emerge and anchor the seedlings (Chapman, 1976). However, in all cases the deposition of silt by subsequent high tides helps the seeds or seedlings to secure a better hold.