What are PAI-1 cells?
PAI-1 is a 50 kDa glycoprotein serpin secreted by several cell types. PAI-1 can bind to free and receptor-bound uPA, thereby inhibiting uPA-mediated extracellular matrix degradation.
What does PAI-1 stand for?
The SERPINE1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 is involved in normal blood clotting (hemostasis).
What is Pai in pregnancy?
PAI-1 is expressed in the placenta and maternal plasma of pregnant women. In the human placenta, PAI-1 is localized in invading trophoblasts, especially in extravillous trophoblasts. By inhibiting ECM degradation, PAI-1 plays a vital role in the prevention of trophoblast invasion in RPL, preeclampsia and IUGR.
How do you measure PAI-1?
The method used for measuring PAI-1 activity in this test is an immunoassay that is specific for proteins that bind to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) immobilized on a microtiter plate. The bound protein is then quantified using a monoclonal antibody that is specific for PAI-1.
What is tPA in biology?
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is classified as a serine protease (enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins). It is thus one of the essential components of the dissolution of blood clots.
How is PAI-1 deficiency inherited in both sexes?
Complete PAI-1 deficiency is inherited equally by both sexes, but tends to be diagnosed earlier and more frequently in females because of its effects on menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. Complete PAI-1 deficiency is caused by mutations in the SERPINE1 gene.
What happens when PAI-1 is not functional?
Absence of functional PAI-1 protein allows plasminogen activators to dissolve blood clots prematurely, resulting in the abnormal bleeding associated with this disorder. This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations.
Where is the PAI-1 gene located on the chromosome?
The protein: PAI-1 is a 47kDa protein and is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily. The PAI-1 gene in humans is located on chromosome 7q21.3-22, spans approximately 12kb, and consists of nine exons. Its expression is induced by insulin, transforming growth factor beta and endotoxin.
Is the PAI-1 gene a risk factor for thrombosis?
PAI-1 gene 4G/5G genotype: A risk factor for thrombosis in vessels of internal organs Although the common 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene was suggested to be a risk factor for some of the thrombotic disorders, its significance in the development of thrombosis is still controversial.