What is the adaptation effect of stuttering?
The adaptation effect of stuttering refers to: An increase in stuttering frequency during repeated readings of the same text. A decrease in stuttering frequency during repeated readings of the same text. A decrease in stuttering frequency during natural conversation.
What is the Diagnosogenic theory of stuttering?
The diagnosogenic (semantogenic) theory for the onset of stuttering was initially proposed by Wendell Johnson in the early 1940s. It suggested that calling attention to a child’s normal hesitations (repetitions) could precipitate stuttering (Bloodstein, 1987).
What is adaptation effect?
Adaptation effect is defined as the reduction in the frequency of nonfluencies in the speech of subjects during successive readings of the same passage. The objective of this investigation was to assess the adaptation effect of nonfluent speech behavior of controlled stutterers and nonstutterers.
What is the scientific cause of stuttering?
Stuttering individuals typically show a general overactivation of the neural systems involved in motor control, including the cerebellum. Many of these neural systems are known to cause difficulties with speech motor control and disruptions of speech fluency in patients who suffer damage to these areas.
What is developmental stuttering?
Developmental stuttering occurs in young children while they are still learning speech and language skills. It is the most common form of stuttering. Some scientists and clinicians believe that developmental stuttering occurs when children’s speech and language abilities are unable to meet the child’s verbal demands.
What does Diagnosogenic mean?
(dī-ăg-nos’ŏ-jen’ik thē’ŏr-ē) As applied to stuttering, a theory that attributes the disorder to misdiagnosis of normal disfluency in a young child; the resultant anxiety exacerbates the disfluency and establishes stuttering as a disorder.
What did Wendell Johnson do?
Wendell Johnson (April 16, 1906 – August 29, 1965) was an American psychologist, author and was a proponent of general semantics (or GS). He was born in Roxbury, Kansas and died in Iowa City, Iowa where most of his life’s work was based.
What is an adaptation effect on the normalcy perception of human faces?
Early signs that adaptation could affect face perception included reports that judgements of facial expression were biased by prior exposure to faces with a different expression [10], and that the aspect ratio of a face appeared altered after seeing face images that were stretched by viewing the faces through …
What is face adaptation?
For facial gender, Yang et al. The adaptation effect realized in the form of viewpoint adaptation (i.e., adaptation to left or right-turned faces) occurs at the novel level as demonstrated by transfer effects across different identities, different gender, and different vertical orientations (Fang et al., 2007).
What is the main cause of stuttering?
Researchers currently believe that stuttering is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, language development, environment, as well as brain structure and function[1]. Working together, these factors can influence the speech of a person who stutters.
How do environmental factors influence stuttering?
Furthermore, although not considered a cause of stuttering, environmental factors may exacerbate disfluency. These factors can include family dynamics, fast-paced lifestyle, stress and anxiety, and the child’s temperament (Anderson, Pellowski, Conture, & Kelly, 2003).
What are the three different types of stuttering?
The 3 types of stuttering are developmental stuttering, neurogenic stuttering, and psychogenic stuttering. The exact cause of stuttering is unknown.