How does HIV cause lipodystrophy?
HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a syndrome characterized by body habitus changes associated with the development of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction that occur secondary to antiretroviral therapy.
Does HIV cause insulin resistance?
Insulin resistance is common in HIV-infected people, particularly among those being treated with protease inhibitor therapy. The prevalence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus is significantly higher in people with HIV infection being treated with antiretrovirals (ARVs), as compared with the general population.
What HIV drugs cause lipodystrophy?
Lipodystrophy has been seen in people living with HIV taking older antiretroviral drugs – particularly stavudine (d4T, Zerit), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), didanosine (ddI, Videx) and indinavir (Crixivan). These drugs are no longer widely prescribed.
What is HIV related lipodystrophy?
Key Points. Lipodystrophy refers to the changes in body fat that can affect some people with HIV. Lipodystrophy can include buildup of body fat, loss of body fat, or both. Lipodystrophy may be due to HIV infection or medicines used to treat HIV, but its actual cause is not understood.
Why does insulin cause lipodystrophy?
Lipohypertrophy is thought to be the direct anabolic effect of insulin on local skin leading to fat and protein synthesis9 and hence this is observed even with recombinant insulin preparations and continuous insulin infusion pumps. This complication occurs because of repeated injections at the same site.
What causes lipoatrophy?
The most common cause of lipoatrophy is that associated with antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, many other disease states may present with partial or generalized lipoatrophy, and these may in turn be acquired conditions or may have a genetic basis.
What is insulin lipoatrophy?
Insulin lipohypertrophy denotes to a benign tumor like swelling of fatty tissue at the injection site secondary to lipogenic effect of insulin, whereas lipoatrophy is considered an adverse immunological side effect of insulin therapy.
What is lipodystrophy in insulin?
Lipodystrophy is one of the clinical complications of insulin injection that affects insulin absorption and leads to poor glycemic control. Objective. To assess insulin-induced lipodystrophy and glycemic control.
What is the meaning of lipoatrophy?
Lipoatrophy is the diffuse loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue that most apparent in the face, buttocks, legs, and arms and is largely due to exposure to stavudine and AZT [146].
How does insulin cause lipoatrophy?
Lipoatrophies are considered an adverse immunological side effect of insulin therapy, and in some cases they are mediated by a local high production of tumor necrosis factor-α, which leads to a dedifferentiation of adipocytes in the subcutaneous tissue.
Does insulin cause lipohypertrophy?
Causes of Lipohypertrophy This can happen when insulin is injected into the same patch of the skin too many times, leading to building up of fat and protein. Lipohypertrophy is twice as common in people taking medium or long-acting insulin as in those taking short-acting insulin.
Why do diabetics get lipodystrophy?
Background. Lipodystrophy is one of the clinical complications of insulin injection that affects insulin absorption and leads to poor glycemic control.
Is there a connection between HIV and lipodystrophy?
While it used to be more common with older antiretroviral (ART) treatments for HIV, better control of HIV and newer antiretroviral drugs make the development of lipodystrophy. less likely. There are two types of lipodystrophy: fat loss and fat buildup. Men tend to lose fat. This is called lipoatrophy and usually happens in your:
Is there such a thing as insulin induced lipodystrophy?
Insulin induced lipodystrophy. Insulin induced lipoatrophy and, more commonly, lipohypertrophy are dermatological complications of insulin therapy. Lipoatrophy is becoming less common with the advent of newer insulin analogues; however, lipohypertrophy is still prevalent.
What causes body fat loss in people with HIV?
Lipodystrophy refers to the changes in body fat that can affect some people with HIV. Lipodystrophy can include buildup of body fat, loss of body fat, or both. What causes lipodystrophy? Lipodystrophy may be due to HIV infection or medicines used to treat HIV.
What happens to lipoatrophy with human insulin?
With the arrival of human insulin, lipoatrophy has decreased dramatically, becoming a rare problem in clinical practice.