What is the nursing management of hypernatremia?
rehydration with 0.9% sodium chloride solution as prescribed; after fluid volume is replaced, administer D 5W no faster than 1 mEq/L/hour to further correct the serum sodium. Maintain seizure precautions and assess his neurologic status frequently. Monitor his serum sodium level every 6 hours until it’s normal.
What are nursing interventions for hyponatremia?
These nursing measures are appropriate for a patient with either hyponatremia or hypernatremia:
- Weigh her daily.
- Accurately document her intake and output.
- Watch for signs and symptoms of fluid overload or dehydration.
- Monitor serial serum electrolyte levels.
What nursing interventions are needed for a client with the electrolyte imbalances?
There are specific nursing interventions for fluid and electrolyte imbalances that can aid in alleviating the patient’s condition.
- Monitor turgor.
- Urine concentration.
- Oral and parenteral fluids.
- Oral rehydration solutions.
- Central nervous system changes.
- Diet.
What are safety considerations for hyponatremia?
The following measures may help you prevent hyponatremia:
- Treat associated conditions.
- Educate yourself.
- Take precautions during high-intensity activities.
- Consider drinking sports beverages during demanding activities.
- Drink water in moderation.
How is hyponatremia treated?
In general, hyponatremia is treated with fluid restriction (in the setting of euvolemia), isotonic saline (in hypovolemia), and diuresis (in hypervolemia). A combination of these therapies may be needed based on the presentation. Hypertonic saline is used to treat severe symptomatic hyponatremia.
What are the complications of hyponatremia?
Complications related to hyponatremia include rhabdomyolysis, seizures, permanent neurologic sequelae related to ongoing seizures or cerebral edema, respiratory arrest, and death.
How do you correct hypernatremia?
In patients with hypernatremia of longer or unknown duration, reducing the sodium concentration more slowly is prudent. Patients should be given intravenous 5% dextrose for acute hypernatremia or half-normal saline (0.45% sodium chloride) for chronic hypernatremia if unable to tolerate oral water.
Which assessment is important in clients with hyponatremia?
Diagnosis. There are three essential laboratory tests in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia that, together with the history and the physical examination, help to establish the primary underlying etiologic mechanism: urine osmolality, serum osmolality, and urinary sodium concentration.
Which medication would the nurse associate to the treatment of a patient with hyponatremia secondary to heart failure and liver cirrhosis?
Tolvaptan, a selective V2 receptor antagonist, can be taken orally and has been approved for use in the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, including cases associated with cirrhosis and heart failure.
What are electrolytes nursing?
Electrolytes are ions that carry either a positive or negative charge. Exact concentrations of electrolytes are vital to body pH and overall homeostasis. These electrically charged ions move fluids within the body, produce energy, contract muscles, and perform many other roles in the body.
What do you do for Hypernatremia?
What IV fluid do you give for hyponatremia?
For serious symptomatic hyponatremia, the first line of treatment is prompt intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline, with a target increase of 6 mmol/L over 24 hours (not exceeding 12 mmol/L) and an additional 8 mmol/L during every 24 hours thereafter until the patient’s serum sodium concentration reaches 130 mmol/L.