What causes atomic line broadening?
In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules. Different velocities of the emitting particles result in different Doppler shifts, the cumulative effect of which is the line broadening.
What do you mean by spectral broadening?
Spectral broadening is caused by turbulence in blood flow as the normally homogeneous velocity of reflective red blood cells becomes more diverse, resulting in the apparent broadening of the spectral Doppler waveform.
What is responsible for line broadening due to local condition?
Opacity broadening The line is broadened because the photons at the line center have a greater reabsorption probability than the photons at the line wings.
How do you reduce Doppler broadening?
There are two ways to reduce the Doppler broadening: by either laser cooling the matter or by localizing it at a scale below the light wavelength. Laser cooling works well for atoms, but is hard to implement for molecules, for which subwavelength localization offers more viable perspectives.
What causes Spectrallines?
Spectral lines are produced by transitions of electrons within atoms or ions. As the electrons move closer to or farther from the nucleus of an atom (or of an ion), energy in the form of light (or other radiation) is emitted or absorbed.…
What are the theoretical foundations of line broadening?
The theoretical foundations of line broadening are discussed in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Chaps. 19 and 57, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996). Doppler Broadening Doppler broadeningis due to the thermal motion of the emitting atoms or ions.
What is the life span of a broadening line?
This source of broadening is important in nuclear spectra, such as Mossbauer spectra, but is rarely significant in atomic spectroscopy. A typical lifetime for an atomic energy state is about 10 -8 seconds, corresponding to a natural linewidth of about 6.6 x 10 -8 eV.
What are the causes of spectral line broadening?
The principal physical causes of spectral line broadening are Doppler and pressure broadening. The theoretical foundations of line broadening are discussed in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Chaps. 19 and 57, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996).
Why does Doppler broadening occur in Maxwellian velocity distribution?
Doppler broadening is due to the thermal motion of the emitting atoms or ions. For a Maxwellian velocity distribution, the line shape is Gaussian; the full width at half maximum intensity (FWHM) is, in �, T is the temperature of the emitters in K, and M the atomic weight in atomic mass units (amu).