What does malate synthase do?
Malate synthase is essential to Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival because it allows the bacteria to assimilate acetyl-CoA into long-chain carbohydrates and survive in harsh environments. Beyond this, malate synthase prevents toxicity from buildup of glyoxylate produced by isocitrate lyase.
Is malate synthase reversible?
Malate synthase (MS) catalyzes the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA, glyoxylate and water to (S)-malate and CoA.
Do humans have malate synthase?
Malate synthases are best known for their established role in the glyoxylate shunt of plants and lower organisms and are traditionally described as not occurring in humans.
What is MDH?
Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1. 1.37) (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. This reaction is part of many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle.
What are glyoxysomes and their functions?
The glyoxysome is a plant peroxisome, especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass.
What is the difference between peroxisomes and glyoxysomes?
The key difference between glyoxysomes and peroxisomes is that glyoxysomes are present only in plant cells and filamentous fungi while peroxisomes are present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Glyoxysomes are abundant in plant cells of germinating seeds while peroxisomes are abundant in liver and kidney cells.
Which is the major enzyme involved in glyoxylate pathway?
The glyoxylate cycle uses five of the eight enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle: citrate synthase, aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase.
What is the mechanism of the malate synthase?
The mechanism of malate synthase is a combination of a Claisen-Schmidt condensation and a hydrolysis of an acyl-CoA. Initially, the aspartic acid 631 acts as a catalytic base, abstracting a proton from the alpha carbon of acetyl-CoA and creating a enolate that is stabilized by Arginine 338.
Why is malate synthase important to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Malate synthase is essential to Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival because it allows the bacteria to assimilate acetyl-CoA into long-chain carbohydrates and survive in harsh environments. Beyond this, malate synthase prevents toxicity from buildup of glyoxylate produced by isocitrate lyase . [19]
Where is malate synthase found in C elegans?
Malate synthase is fused to the C-terminus of isocitrate lyase in C. elegans, resulting in a single bifunctional protein. While there is currently not sufficient sequence information to determine the exact evolutionary history of malate synthase, plant, fungal, and C. elegans sequences are distinct and show no homologues from archaebacteria.