What is the mechanism of action of thiazides?
Mechanism of action Thiazide diuretics control hypertension in part by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys by blocking the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− symporter.
How do thiazides treat hypertension?
However, these patients still experience increased plasma glucose, which suggests a lack of association between hypokalemia and thiazide-induced hyperglycemia [79]. However, it may be the magnitude of decrease in potassium, rather than actual potassium level, that influences the increase in glucose levels.
Why are thiazides used in hypertension?
Thiazide diuretics are a common treatment for high blood pressure (hypertension). They are also used to clear fluid from the body in conditions where your body accumulates too much fluid, such as heart failure. (However, a type of diuretic called a loop diuretic is more commonly used to treat heart failure.)
What is the mechanism of action of diuretics to treat hypertension?
Diuretics help rid your body of sodium and water. Most work by making your kidneys release more sodium into the urine. The sodium then takes water with it from your blood decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your blood vessels hence lowering blood pressure.
How do thiazides decrease GFR?
The traditional thinking is that thiazide-induced blockade of the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal tubule leads to a decrease in GFR. This decrease is compensated by an increase in proximal tubule sodium and water uptake.
Why do thiazides cause metabolic alkalosis?
Loop and thiazide diuretics can cause metabolic alkalosis due to increased excretion of chloride in proportion to bicarbonate. This is more common with loop diuretics than thiazide diuretics.
What do thiazides do?
Thiazide diuretics are drugs that cause both natriuresis (removal of sodium in the urine) and diuresis. Thiazide diuretics work by blocking sodium and chloride (Na/Cl) channels in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron and inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water.
How does hydrochlorothiazide control blood pressure?
Hydrochlorothiazide acts on the distal convoluted tubules and inhibits the sodium chloride co-transporter system. This action leads to a diuretic action that lowers blood pressure, but there is also a potassium loss in the urine.
What is the primary target for thiazide diuretics?
The primary target of hydrochlorothiazide (and other thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics) is the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3, NCC) on the apical membrane of the renal distal tubule. Hydrochlorothiazide is transported from the blood to its site of action by the renal proximal tubule organic acid secretory pathway.
What is the difference between thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?
A thiazide-like diuretic is a sulfonamide diuretic that has similar physiological properties to a thiazide diuretic, but does not have the chemical properties of a thiazide, lacking the benzothiadiazine molecular structure. Examples include metolazone and chlorthalidone.
What is diuretics give their classification and mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
Thiazides. Thiazide-type diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter leading to a retention of water in the urine, as water normally follows penetrating solutes.
How do thiazides treat Di?
In 1959, Crawford and Kennedy showed in a seminal paper that thiazides reduce polyuria and increase urine osmolality in DI (7). Since then, thiazides have become an important component in the therapeutic repertoire for treatment of DI.
What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
Mechanism of Action Thiazide diuretics exert their diuretic effect via blockage of the sodium-chloride (Na/Cl) channel in the proximal segment of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Can a thiazide increase the risk of tachycardia?
Hypokalemia caused by thiazide & loop diuretics can increase the likelihood of potentially fatal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) if coadministered with other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g. Class III antiarrhythmic, or quinidine-like drugs). dosage adjustment of antidiabetic drugs may be necessary.
How are thiazides used to treat kidney stones?
Thiazide diuretics also reduce the urinary excretion of Ca & therefore are employed to treat kidney stones & may be useful for treating osteoporosis. The mechanism for the antihypertensive effects of thiazides is poorly understood.
How does thiazide affect the metabolism of the pancreas?
Thiazide-induced hypokalemia, as well as other theories to explain these metabolic disturbances, including increased visceral adiposity, hyperuricemia, decreased glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell hyperpolarization, may play a role.