What is the half life of theobromine?
Caffeine is highly water soluble, peaks in the blood 30–40 minutes after ingestion, and has a half-life of 2.5–5 hours, while theobromine is fat soluble, attains peak blood concentrations 2–3 hours after ingestion, and has an estimated half-life of 7 –12 hours (Drouillard et al.
What does theobromine dissolve in?
Theobromine is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide. The solubility of theobromine in these solvents is approximately 0.5, 30, and 20 mg/ml, respectively. Theobromine is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers.
What enzyme breaks down theobromine?
In the liver, theobromine is metabolized into xanthine and subsequently into methyluric acid. Important enzymes include CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.
How long does theobromine stay in system?
Humans can easily digest and excrete methylxanthines, the half life of theobromine being 2-3 hours.
How long does theobromine stay in a dog’s system?
In dogs, the biological half-life of theobromine is 17.5 hours; in severe cases, clinical symptoms of theobromine poisoning can persist for 72 hours.
Is theobromine a vasodilator?
Theobromine is used as a vasodilator (a blood vessel widener), as an aid in urination, and as a heart stimulant.
Does theobromine keep you awake?
Unlike caffeine there is no evidence that Theobromine will keep you awake – indeed there are studies suggesting that theobromine can help people sleep (see blog for references). Chocolate also contains tryptophan, which stimulates serotonin and melatonin. And serotonin and melatonin are believed to help sleep.
How long does theobromine stay in your system?
How long do the effects of theobromine last?
Although the effects of theobromine are mild, they are longer lasting than caffeine. The compound has a half-life of 7.2 hours (12). This means that theobromine stays in the body for approximately 7.2 hours before its blood concentration decreases by half.
Is theobromine an anti inflammatory?
The analog of theobromine, pentoxifylline, is effective in reducing inflammation and increasing the number of macrophages with wound repair anti-inflammatory properties (Sunil et al., 2014).
Why can’t dogs have theobromine?
Chocolate is toxic to dogs because it contains theobromine and to a lesser extent, caffeine. Humans metabolize theobromine easily, but dogs don’t. Dogs process theobromine and caffeine slowly, which allows these toxic compounds to build up in their systems and cause clinical signs associated with chocolate toxicity.
What’s the half life of theobromine in humans?
Theobromine has a half-life in humans of about 7 hours, with peak concentration at about 2 hours following ingestion 18–20. Theobromine’s half-life in dogs is about 18 hours 21.
How long does theobromine poisoning last in a dog?
In dogs, the biological half-life of theobromine is 17.5 hours; in severe cases, clinical symptoms of theobromine poisoning can persist for 72 hours. Medical treatment performed by a veterinarian involves inducing vomiting within two hours of ingestion and administration of benzodiazepines or barbiturates for seizures,…
What are the side effects of theobromine in cats?
Median lethal ( LD50) doses of theobromine have only been published for cats, dogs, rats, and mice; these differ by a factor of 6 across species. At doses of 0.8-1.5 g (50-100 g cocoa) per day sweating, trembling and severe headaches were noted. Limited mood effects were shown at 250mg/day and negative mood effects above.
When is the best time to take theobromine?
Theobromine has a half-life of 6-10 hours, so it has a longer time to work in the body. When taken as a supplement, the standard recommended dosage is 500mg and can be taken any time during the day. The median lethal dose of supplemental theobromine for humans is approximately 1000mg, while that for cats and dogs is 200mg and 300mg respectively.