What is the reason for using a cacl2 drying tube in the reflux setup?
The use of a drying tube is needed when the exclusion of moisture is required, but reaction under atmospherically inert conditions is not necessary. Drying tube. Contains calcium chloride, which has a high affinity for water and draws moisture out of the reaction vessel.
What is the purpose of connecting drying tube to the top of the condenser?
Drying tubes are usually fitted on top of the reflux condenser, allowing the pressure to be relieved while excluding atmospheric moisture.
Why must cooled water flow through the condenser during the reflux?
If water enters from the bottom of the condenser, it will always be completely filled with cold water which ensures efficient cooling. The condenser cools these vapors condensing them back to liquid droplets that flow down the condenser into the receiver flask.
What is the use of condenser in laboratory?
In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors — that is, turn them into liquids — by cooling them down. Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction.
What is the purpose of adding a drying tube to the inlet of the adapter?
If you have to keep the atmospheric water vapor out of your reaction, you must use a drying tube and the inlet adapter in the reflux setup (Fig. 84). You can use these if you need to keep water vapor out of any system, not just the reflux setup.
What is the purpose of a condenser how does a condenser operate?
A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid.
What is the point of reflux condenser?
A reflux condenser is an apparatus commonly used in organic chemistry to prevent reactant or solvent loss in a heated chemical reaction. For chemical reactions that need to be carried out at elevated temperatures over long periods of time a reflux system can be used to prevent the loss of solvent through evaporation.
How do you get reflux out of a condenser?
If the condenser has glass inlet and outlet pipes with a ‘knuckle’, wet the inside of the rubber tube with a little water and slide it onto the pipe and past the ‘knuckle’. The rubber tubing must be a tight fit otherwise it may slide off over a period of time.
How is the tubing attached to a reflux condenser?
The rubber tubing must be a tight fit otherwise it may slide off over a period of time. Modern condensers have plastic adapters, which can be attached to the tubing and then screwed on the threaded inlet and outlet pipes. Slide the rubber tubing onto the moistened ‘pipe’ on the adapter, and then screw the adapter onto the condenser.
How long does it take to set up reflux apparatus?
Fischer Esterification reaction using reflux technique in organic chemistry lab. Normally, the whole process including the setup and the reaction will take about 2 hours. However, the general principles and the instructions on setting up the reflux apparatus can be applied to any reactions that needed to be heated for a long time.
What are the components of a reflux apparatus?
The basic components for a reflux apparatus are: a reaction flask; a reflux condenser; a heat source; a coolant source, usually water, for the condenser.