What is TNM breast cancer?
The Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system for breast cancer is an internationally accepted system used to determine the disease stage. This disease stage is used to determine prognosis and guide management.
What does N1 mean in breast cancer?
N1: Cancer has spread to 1 to 3 axillary (underarm) lymph node(s), and/or tiny amounts of cancer are found in internal mammary lymph nodes (those near the breast bone) on sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1mi: Micrometastases (tiny areas of cancer spread) in the lymph nodes under the arm.
What does pT3a mean?
pT3a: Extraprostatic extension (focal is < 1 high power field in 1 – 2 slides, multifocal is more) or. microscopic invasion of bladder neck (in thick muscle, no adjacent nonneoplastic glands) pT3b: Seminal vesicle muscle wall invasion. pT4: Invasion of external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles or pelvic wall.
How do you classify TNM?
Each individual aspect of TNM is termed as a category:
- T category describes the primary tumour site and size.
- N category describes the regional lymph node involvement.
- M category describes the presence or otherwise of distant metastatic spread.
What is TNM?
The abbreviation “TNM” stands for tumor (T), nodes (N), and metastases (M). “Nodes” indicates whether or not the tumor has spread into neighboring (regional) lymph nodes. These are lymph nodes that are located in the drainage area of the affected organ.
What is the average size of a breast tumor?
The average size of a tumor is 1 cm when found during regular breast self-exams. The average size of a tumor is 2.62 cm when found by women who do not do self-exams.
What size is a pea in MM?
10 mm
Tumor sizes are often measured in millimeters (mm) or centimeters. Common items that can be used to show tumor size in mm include: a sharp pencil point (1 mm), a new crayon point (2 mm), a pencil-top eraser (5 mm), a pea (10 mm), a peanut (20 mm), and a lime (50 mm).