What is malaria Hyperparasitemia?
Hyperparasitemia, where more than 5% of the red blood cells are infected by malaria parasites. Metabolic acidosis (excessive acidity in the blood and tissue fluids), often in association with hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose).
What are the 10 complications of malaria?
Other complications
- liver failure and jaundice – yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.
- shock – a sudden drop in blood pressure.
- pulmonary oedema – a build-up of fluid in the lungs.
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- abnormally low blood sugar – hypoglycaemia.
- kidney failure.
What are the main causes of malaria?
Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. The parasite can be spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
What is the difference between malaria and cerebral malaria?
Severe malaria may manifest as anemia, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, repeated seizures, coma or multiple organ failure and is estimated to cause over one million deaths annually(1). Cerebral malaria is the most severe neurological manifestation of severe malaria.
What is blackwater fever?
Blackwater fever (BWF) is a rare but serious complication of malaria that is a consequence of antimalarial treatment. Its prevalence seems to have increased. Its diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and urine color. We report on 4 BWF cases admitted to the infectious diseases department of Zinder National Hospital.
Why is there no malaria in the US?
Malaria transmission in the United States was eliminated in the early 1950s through the use of insecticides, drainage ditches and the incredible power of window screens. But the mosquito-borne disease has staged a comeback in American hospitals as travelers return from parts of the world where malaria runs rampant.
What is the best treatment for cerebral malaria?
The intravenous administration of artemisinin derivatives, artesunate and quinine are the drugs of choice. Chloroquine has been abandoned due to resistances. It has been described that artesunate reduces mortality by 34.7% compared to quinine, in addition to reducing convulsive episodes, coma and hypoglycemia.
How does cerebral malaria come about?
Malaria deaths are usually related to one or more serious complications, including: Cerebral malaria. If parasite-filled blood cells block small blood vessels to your brain (cerebral malaria), swelling of your brain or brain damage may occur. Cerebral malaria may cause seizures and coma.
Can blackwater fever be cured?
Blackwater fever seldom appears until a person has had at least four attacks of malaria and has been in an endemic area for six months. Treatment for blackwater fever includes antimalarial drugs, whole-blood transfusions, and complete bed rest, but even with these measures the mortality remains about 25 to 50 percent.